[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-021":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-2-基礎醫學-021","nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-021",109,2,21,"與正常人相比較，部分呼吸道狹窄的患者，其第一秒內用力呼氣體積（forced expiratory volume at the first second）與用力呼氣肺活量（forced vital capacity）之改變，下列何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"二者變化均不顯著","前者減少，但後者變化不顯著","前者變化不顯著，但後者減少","二者均顯著減少","B",null,[],"本題考點是阻塞性通氣障礙在肺量計上的表現。依呼吸生理,呼吸道部分狹窄屬阻塞性病變,氣流呼出受阻,使第一秒用力呼氣量(FEV1)明顯下降;但用力肺活量(FVC)代表能呼出的總氣量,只要給足時間仍可大致呼盡,故FVC變化不顯著,結果是FEV1\u002FFVC比值下降,正解B「前者減少,後者變化不顯著」。A二者均無顯著變化屬正常肺功能,不符阻塞情境。C前者不變後者減少的組合不存在於阻塞型。D二者均顯著減少較符合嚴重限制性疾病(如肺纖維化)或極重度阻塞,非本題「部分狹窄」的典型表現。故選B。","肺功能兩大類型:阻塞型(氣喘、慢性阻塞性肺病)FEV1↓↓、FVC正常或略降、FEV1\u002FFVC\u003C70%;限制型(肺纖維化、胸廓受限)FVC↓、FEV1同步降、FEV1\u002FFVC正常或上升。關鍵鑑別在比值:阻塞看比值降低,限制看肺容積縮小。氣喘可用支氣管擴張劑後FEV1改善≥12%且200mL來判斷可逆性。記憶:阻塞=「吐不快」(比值降)、限制=「裝不多」(容積少)。",[25,27,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":11},"FEV1\u002FFVC比值",{"term":28,"count":29},"阻塞性通氣障礙",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"FEV1",{"term":33,"count":29},"FVC",{"term":35,"count":29},"肺量計",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-022","運動失調（ataxia）主要是因為腦部那一區域受損？",22,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":29},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-038","有關微量變化疾病（minimal change disease）之敘述，下列何者正確？",38,110,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-052","動情素在臨床上用來治療攝護腺癌，是因為下列何種藥理作用？",52,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":29},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-040","下列何種成癮性物質是透過血清素受體來產生幻覺？",40,112,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-044","有關結核分枝桿菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis），下列敘述何者最適當？",44,113,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":44,"year":63,"session":64},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-038","關於質子幫浦抑制劑（proton pump inhibitors, PPIs），下列敘述何者錯誤？",114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510714916]