[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-012":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-109-1-精神科與社區衛生護理學-012","nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-012",109,1,12,"有關行為治療的「逐步養成法（shaping）」之敘述，下列何者最適切？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"是應用「削弱」原則，建立想塑造的行為","行為塑造過程，經常由最困難的行為先著手","移動步驟建議越快越好，降低個案反應牢固現象","經常應用於自我照顧功能缺失的個案身上","D",null,[],"本題考點在於行為治療技術「逐步養成法(shaping)」的原理與應用。逐步養成法依操作制約,將目標行為拆解為小步驟,對逐步接近目標的行為給予「增強」,常用於自我照顧功能缺失者以重建生活自理能力,故選D。A錯,shaping運用「正增強」而非「削弱」;削弱是移除增強使行為減少,方向相反。B錯,行為塑造應由最簡單、最接近現況的行為先著手,循序漸進,而非從最困難開始。C錯,移動步驟不應越快越好,步調過快使個案跟不上反而失敗,應待反應穩固後再進階。唯D正確描述其臨床適用對象。","Shaping屬操作制約(operant conditioning),核心是「連續漸進法」——增強一連串越來越接近目標的反應。與代幣制(token economy)常搭配用於復健。對比:削弱=移除增強減少行為;塑造=逐步增強建立新行為。記憶口訣:塑造由易到難、小步前進、每步給增強、常用於自理缺失者。步驟宜穩不宜快,鞏固後再進。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"行為治療",14,{"term":28,"count":29},"正增強",7,{"term":31,"count":32},"操作制約",5,{"term":34,"count":10},"逐步養成法shaping",[36,40,45,50,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-013","有關鋰鹽 Lithium（Lidin®），下列何項敘述最適切？",13,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":44},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-029","李同學為自閉症類群障礙症病人，某日於團體治療時聽見救護車經過的聲音隨即尖叫拍打頭部，下列何種處置較合宜？",29,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-psychiatric-community-043","王太太，49 歲，無抽菸與嚼檳榔史，未曾做過任何篩檢，依據全民健保預防保健服務範圍，她可接受那些篩檢項目？①成人預防保健「健康加值方案」 ②子宮頸癌篩檢 ③乳癌篩檢 ④大腸癌篩檢 ⑤口腔癌篩檢",43,110,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":10,"year":53,"session":44},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-001","倪女士，29 歲，程式工程師，輕躁症發作（hypomanic episode）。「我都有按照醫生的交代認真吃藥，為什麼還會發病？」護理師說：「你覺得很挫折，覺得自己很認真的吃藥卻還是發病」，此時護理師所運用的溝通技巧，下列何者最適當？",111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":44},"nurse-112-2-psychiatric-community-045","有關全民健保給付項目，下列何者錯誤？",45,112,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":64},"nurse-113-3-psychiatric-community-009","有關思覺失調症（schizophrenia）的敘述，下列何者最適切？",9,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510714030]