[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-003":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-109-1-內外科護理學-003","nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-003",109,1,3,"有關暫時性缺血發作（transient ischemic attack; TIA）使用藥物治療，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"抗血小板凝集藥物，如：aspirin","降低腦壓藥物，如：mannitol","腦血管擴張劑，如：papaverine","預防血管痙攣劑，如：nimodipine","A",null,[],"本題考點在於暫時性缺血發作(TIA)的藥物治療原則。TIA 為腦部短暫缺血、症狀可完全恢復的警訊,病因多與血小板聚集、微血栓形成有關,治療以抗血小板凝集藥物如 aspirin 預防血栓、降低後續中風風險,故答案為 A。mannitol(B)為滲透性利尿劑,用於降腦壓,非 TIA 常規用藥;papaverine(C)為腦血管擴張劑,並非 TIA 標準治療;nimodipine(D)為鈣離子通道阻斷劑,主要用於預防蜘蛛膜下腔出血後的血管痙攣。考點在於掌握 TIA 以抗血小板治療為核心。","TIA 是「小中風、警訊中風」,症狀通常 24 小時內完全恢復,但代表血栓風險高,是預防完全性缺血性中風的黃金時機。核心用藥是抗血小板劑(aspirin、clopidogrel),必要時合併控制危險因子(血壓、血糖、血脂)。要記住各藥的專屬用途以免混淆:mannitol 降腦壓、papaverine 為血管擴張劑、nimodipine 專用於蜘蛛膜下腔出血後預防血管痙攣。抓住「缺血→抗血小板防血栓」的主線就不會選錯。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"aspirin",2,{"term":28,"count":10},"暫時性缺血發作 TIA",{"term":30,"count":10},"抗血小板藥物",{"term":32,"count":10},"缺血性中風預防",[34,38,42,47,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-004","關於多發性硬化症的敘述，下列何者正確？①為中樞神經系統髓鞘脫失而影響神經傳導 ②吞嚥困難為早期出現臨床表徵 ③腦脊髓液檢查發現 IgG 抗體增加 ④感染會引發疾病惡化",4,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":26},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-020","右側下肢無力需要使用手杖之病人，下列使用方法何者最正確？",20,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-034","決定心搏出量（stroke volume）的要素，下列何者錯誤？",34,110,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":10},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-072","有關糖化血紅素（HbA1c）的敘述，下列何者正確？",72,111,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":26},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-036","下列何者為避免結腸癌的保護因子？①鼓勵食用紅肉 ②不需限制油脂的攝取 ③維持適當的體重 ④維持規律運動 ⑤補充適當的纖維攝取",36,112,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":26},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-050","有關臘腸桿菌（Clostridium botulinum）中毒的預防、症狀與治療之敘述，下列何者正確？",50,113,"2026-09-04",1788510712339]