[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-077":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-077","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-077",109,1,77,"在後口腔內的黏膜上出現柯氏斑點（Koplik spots），是何種病毒感染的前驅症狀？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"腮腺炎病毒","麻疹病毒","小兒麻痹病毒","德國麻疹病毒","B",null,[],"本題考點是柯氏斑點（Koplik spots）的疾病指標意義。柯氏斑點是頰黏膜上出現紅暈白心的小點，為麻疹（measles）出疹前的病理特徵性前驅表現，具早期診斷價值，故選 B。A 腮腺炎以腮腺腫痛為主，無此斑點。C 小兒麻痺以神經肌肉症狀為主。D 德國麻疹（風疹）以耳後淋巴結腫與淡疹為特徵，無柯氏斑點。故唯麻疹與 Koplik spots 對應。","麻疹病程口訣「3C＋Koplik」：Cough（咳）、Coryza（鼻炎）、Conjunctivitis（結膜炎）加上頰黏膜的 Koplik spots，隨後由頭臉往下出現斑丘疹（cephalocaudal）。Koplik spots 出現在皮疹前 1–2 天，是唯一具病理特異性的口內徵象。麻疹為高傳染力的空氣傳播病毒，靠 MMR 疫苗預防。對照：德國麻疹重點在孕婦感染致先天畸形，兩者勿混。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"柯氏斑點 Koplik spots",{"term":28,"count":11},"麻疹前驅症狀",{"term":30,"count":11},"麻疹 3C 症狀",{"term":32,"count":11},"斑丘疹由頭往下",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-078","微生物學家科霍（Robert Koch）提出特定疾病病原的判斷原則，稱之為科霍假說（Koch’s postulate）。基於現代科技的進展，在應用的過程，科霍假說不適用於下列那一種疾病？",78,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-014","依照大腸（large intestine）前後排列之順序，下列何者在最前端？",14,110,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-028","健康檢查中檢測腎功能的常用指標，下列何者正確？",28,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-016","下列何種反應是阻斷毒蕈鹼類受器（muscarinic receptors）所造成？",16,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":47},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-020","下列那個腦區與吞嚥的訊息傳導最為直接相關？",20,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-014","下列何種腦電波圖型，不會出現在健康成人睡眠的非快速動眼（non-rapid eye movement, NREM）時期？",114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510711597]