[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-074":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-074","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-074",109,1,74,"下列何種細胞激素是活化巨噬細胞使其產生一氧化氮合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase）、一氧化氮（NO）以及活性氧化物（ROS）的最佳因子？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"第一型干擾素（IFNα\u002Fβ）","第二型干擾素（IFNγ）","第三型干擾素（IFNλ）","腫瘤壞死因子-α（TNF-α）","B",null,[],"本題考點是活化巨噬細胞產生 iNOS、NO 與活性氧化物的最佳細胞激素。第二型干擾素 IFN-γ 主要由 Th1 與 NK 細胞分泌，是活化巨噬細胞（classical\u002FM1 活化）最關鍵的因子，能誘導 iNOS 表現以殺傷胞內病原，故選 B。A 第一型干擾素（IFN α\u002Fβ）主司抗病毒狀態的建立，非巨噬細胞的典型活化劑。C 第三型干擾素（IFN-λ）作用於上皮細胞抗病毒。D 的 TNF-α 雖能協同增強，但誘導巨噬細胞活化與 iNOS 的「最佳」單一因子仍是 IFN-γ。","巨噬細胞古典（M1）活化的雙訊號常為 IFN-γ＋微生物訊號（如 LPS\u002FTLR），IFN-γ 上調 iNOS、NADPH oxidase 與 MHC II，使其產生 NO 與 ROS 進行胞內殺菌並強化抗原呈現。干擾素分三型：I 型（α\u002Fβ）抗病毒、II 型（γ）活化巨噬細胞與 Th1、III 型（λ）作用黏膜上皮。TNF-α 為協同放大者但非主誘導。記憶：巨噬細胞的「總開關」＝IFN-γ。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"第二型干擾素 IFN-γ",{"term":28,"count":11},"巨噬細胞古典活化",{"term":30,"count":11},"iNOS 與一氧化氮",{"term":32,"count":11},"干擾素三型分類",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-075","下列病毒的散播，何者不經病媒蚊媒介？",75,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-011","下列男性生殖系統，何者具有靜纖毛（stereocilia）構造，以及儲存精子的功能？",11,110,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-025","甲狀腺激素（thyroid hormone）合成的第一個步驟，下列過程何者正確？",25,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-013","下列有關呼吸窘迫症候群之敘述，何者錯誤？",13,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":47},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-017","下列何種生理調控現象，會使動脈壓上升？",17,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-011","關於史達林力（Starling forces）在腳踝扭傷時所造成的水腫時的變化，下列敘述何者正確？",114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510711564]