[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-073":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-073","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-073",109,1,73,"下列何者不是病毒外套膜（envelope）的特性？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"可能含有宿主細胞脂質的成分","含有病毒蛋白質的成分","能與標的細胞進行交互作用","使病毒不易被乾燥及酸性環境所破壞","D",null,[],"本題考點是病毒外套膜（envelope）特性辨識，要挑「不是」其特性者。有外套膜病毒因脂質膜怕乾燥、酸與清潔劑，反而較「不」耐環境；能耐乾燥與酸性環境的是無外套膜（裸露）病毒，故 D 敘述講反，選 D。A 正確，外套膜由宿主細胞膜衍生故含宿主脂質。B 正確，膜上鑲嵌病毒編碼的醣蛋白。C 正確，這些醣蛋白負責與標的細胞受體結合以利入侵。","有膜病毒（如流感、疱疹、HIV、冠狀病毒）外套膜取自宿主膜脂質並嵌入病毒醣蛋白（如 HA、gp120）作為受體結合與融合工具；但脂質膜脆弱，經乾燥、酸、去脂溶劑（酒精、肥皂）即失去感染力，故多靠飛沫或體液近距離傳播。無膜病毒（如腸病毒、諾羅、A 肝）僅具蛋白衣殼，耐酸耐乾、可經糞口與污染物長存。記憶：有膜＝嬌弱怕消毒；無膜＝耐操走糞口。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"病毒外套膜脂質來源",{"term":28,"count":11},"外套膜病毒醣蛋白",{"term":30,"count":11},"有膜病毒不耐乾燥酸性",{"term":32,"count":11},"無膜病毒耐環境",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-074","下列何種細胞激素是活化巨噬細胞使其產生一氧化氮合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase）、一氧化氮（NO）以及活性氧化物（ROS）的最佳因子？",74,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-010","總膽管與胰管匯聚形成肝胰壺腹（hepatopancreatic ampulla），開口於下列何處？",10,110,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":47},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-024","下列何種激素最可能造成血管平滑肌的收縮？",24,2,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-012","升糖素（glucagon）會刺激下列那一器官產生肝醣分解作用（glycogenolysis）？",12,112,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":47},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-016","有關增強抗凝血作用，下列敘述何者正確？",16,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":41,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-114-3-basic-medicine-010","下列何者攜帶的副交感神經支配淚腺與下頷下腺？",114,3,"2026-09-04",1788510711560]