[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-057":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":32,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-057","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-057",109,1,57,"下列何者不是類鴉片藥物常見的副作用？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"低血壓","尿滯留","噁心","腹瀉","D",null,[],"本題考點是類鴉片（opioid）藥物的常見副作用辨識，要挑出「不是」的一項。opioid 作用於腸道 µ 受體會抑制腸蠕動，造成便秘而非腹瀉，且此副作用不會耐受、需長期預防，故 D「腹瀉」是錯誤選項，選 D。A 低血壓正確，opioid 會促組織胺釋放並抑交感致血管擴張。B 尿滯留正確，opioid 增加膀胱括約肌張力、抑制排尿反射。C 噁心正確，opioid 刺激延腦化學受體觸發區（CTZ）致噁心嘔吐。","opioid 副作用口訣可記為「便秘、瞳孔縮小、呼吸抑制、鎮靜、噁心、尿滯留、癢與低血壓」。其中便秘（constipation）幾乎不產生耐受性，是長期用藥必須常規給軟便劑的原因；相對地，鎮靜與噁心會隨時間耐受。腹瀉方向完全相反──臨床甚至用 loperamide（週邊 opioid 致效劑）來止瀉，正說明 opioid 是抑制腸道而非促排便。",[25,27,29,30],{"term":26,"count":11},"類鴉片 μ 受體",{"term":28,"count":11},"opioid 便秘不耐受",{"term":16,"count":11},{"term":31,"count":11},"CTZ 噁心",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-058","關節炎之發炎反應可用 celecoxib 加以治療，其較少引發胃腸道出血。此藥物主要阻斷何種自泌素之生合成？",58,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":41},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-074","關於細菌引發食物中毒的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",74,2,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":41},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-008","腦下垂體細胞 HE 染色的特性與其功能的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",8,110,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":41},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-046","下列何種細菌不會在吞噬細胞內生存複製，而造成疾病？",46,111,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-050","下列何種人體器官，最常受到腸外阿米巴病（extraintestinal amebiasis）原蟲的滋養體（trophozoite）入侵？",50,113,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":41},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-044","下列何種疾病目前無有效的疫苗可預防？",44,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711395]