[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-053":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-053","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-053",109,1,53,"下列何者可用於預防和改善暈車和暈船（motion sickness）作用？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Scopolamine","Clonidine","Succinylcholine","Atenolol","A",null,[],"本題考點是暈車暈船的藥理防治首選。暈動症源於前庭器官傳入與視覺訊息不一致，其中樞路徑由膽鹼性（muscarinic）神經傳遞，故抗膽鹼藥能阻斷此訊號。依此機轉，Scopolamine 為抗蕈毒鹼藥，能抑制前庭至嘔吐中樞的傳導，臨床以貼片預防暈動症，選 A。B 的 Clonidine 是中樞 α₂ 致效劑，用於降血壓，與前庭無關。C 的 Succinylcholine 是去極化型神經肌肉阻斷劑，用於麻醉插管肌肉鬆弛，不治暈車。D 的 Atenolol 是選擇性 β₁ 阻斷劑，用於高血壓與心絞痛，對暈動症無效。","暈動症的嘔吐反射整合中樞在延腦，主要受 muscarinic（M）與 histamine（H1）受體調控，故兩大類預防藥即抗膽鹼（Scopolamine）與第一代抗組織胺（如 Dimenhydrinate、Meclizine）。Scopolamine 為三級胺可過血腦障壁，貼片型可維持約 72 小時；副作用即抗膽鹼三聯（口乾、視力模糊、尿滯留）。口訣：暈車找「東莨菪鹼＋抗組織胺」，兩者都作用在前庭─嘔吐中樞。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"Scopolamine 抗膽鹼作用",{"term":28,"count":11},"暈動症 muscarinic 受體",{"term":30,"count":11},"前庭系統",{"term":32,"count":11},"抗組織胺止暈",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-054","有關 omalizumab 之敘述，下列何者正確？",54,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-070","有關抗菌和滅菌處理的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",70,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":42},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-004","下列何者同時供應小腸與大腸？",4,110,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-042","尿漿菌（Ureaplasma）對萬古黴素（Vancomycin）具抵抗性的機制為何？",42,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-046","下列何種細菌感染，常與食用受污染的帶殼海鮮所發生的食物中毒相關？",46,113,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":42},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-040","一位乳癌患者經化療藥物治療後，產生嚴重心臟毒性，最可能是使用下列何種抗癌藥物？",40,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711362]