[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-050":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-050","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-050",109,1,50,"下列藥物中，何者較適合用於患有糖尿病的高血壓患者？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Captopril","Propranolol","Phentolamine","Aliskiren","A",null,[],"本題考點是糖尿病合併高血壓的首選藥物。Captopril 為血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑（ACEI），除降壓外能減少腎絲球高壓、延緩糖尿病腎病變並改善胰島素敏感性，是糖尿病高血壓病人的優先選擇，故選 A。(B) Propranolol 為 β 阻斷劑，會遮蔽低血糖警覺症狀並可能干擾血糖代謝，較不適合糖尿病人。(C) Phentolamine 為短效 α 阻斷劑，主要用於嗜鉻細胞瘤，非長期降壓首選。(D) Aliskiren 為腎素抑制劑，並非糖尿病高血壓的首選、且與 ACEI\u002FARB 併用有腎損風險。故最適者為 Captopril，答案為 A。","糖尿病合併高血壓與蛋白尿者首選 ACEI 或 ARB，機轉是抑制 renin-angiotensin 系統、擴張腎絲球出球小動脈以降低腎絲球內壓，具腎臟保護（減少蛋白尿、延緩腎功能惡化）。ACEI 副作用：乾咳（緩激肽累積）、高血鉀、血管性水腫，妊娠禁用。β 阻斷劑掩蓋低血糖症狀（心悸、顫抖）並可能升血糖，故糖尿病人謹慎。記憶：「糖尿病腎保護＝ACEI\u002FARB」。腎素抑制劑 aliskiren 與 ACEI\u002FARB 雙重阻斷 RAAS 於糖尿病人有害，不併用。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"糖尿病高血壓",{"term":28,"count":11},"ACEI血管收縮素轉化酶抑制劑",{"term":30,"count":11},"captopril",{"term":32,"count":11},"腎臟保護",{"term":34,"count":11},"腎素血管收縮素系統",[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-051","迷幻藥 LSD 主要影響腦部的何種神經系統？",51,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-067","臨床上以免疫學方法快速診斷隱球菌（Cryptococcus neoformans）引起之感染，通常是直接偵測下列何者？",67,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":11,"year":48,"session":44},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-001","細胞膜的成分，下列何者錯誤？",110,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":44},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-039","一名病人因肺炎感染而住院，菌種分離偵測到 Methicillin 抗藥性的金黃色葡萄球菌，下列何者不適於治療此病人？",39,111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-043","有關抗體的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",43,113,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":44},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-037","下列利尿劑中，何者在頻繁及高劑量使用下易產生耳毒性（ototoxicity）副作用？",37,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711346]