[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-031":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-031","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-031",109,1,31,"下列何者是人體細胞外液最重要的緩衝系統？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"重碳酸根","蛋白質","磷酸根","血紅素","A",null,[],"本題考點是體液酸鹼緩衝系統的相對重要性。細胞外液最重要的緩衝系統是重碳酸根（碳酸氫根—碳酸）系統，因其兩端可分別由肺（調 CO₂）與腎（調 HCO₃⁻）獨立調節、且濃度高、為開放系統，緩衝能力最強，故選 A。(B) 蛋白質緩衝主要在細胞內與血漿蛋白，非細胞外液最重要者。(C) 磷酸根緩衝在細胞內與腎小管尿液較重要，細胞外濃度低、貢獻有限。(D) 血紅素緩衝存在於紅血球內、主要緩衝 CO₂\u002FH⁺，屬細胞內系統，非細胞外液主力。故答案為 A。","重碳酸根系統以 Henderson-Hasselbalch 表達：pH = 6.1 + log([HCO₃⁻]\u002F(0.03×PaCO₂))，正常 [HCO₃⁻]\u002FCO₂≈20:1 對應 pH 7.4。其優勢在「開放性」：CO₂ 可由呼吸快速排出、HCO₃⁻ 由腎慢速調節，兩自由度使系統緩衝力遠超單一化學緩衝。細胞內以蛋白質、磷酸鹽、血紅素為主；尿液酸化靠磷酸鹽與氨緩衝。記憶：緩衝重要性排序，細胞外＝碳酸氫根第一；血液總緩衝量血紅素貢獻大但屬細胞內。",[25,27,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"酸鹼緩衝系統",{"term":15,"count":11},{"term":29,"count":11},"Henderson-Hasselbalch方程式",{"term":31,"count":11},"開放性緩衝系統",{"term":33,"count":11},"細胞外液",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-032","葛瑞夫氏症（Graves’ disease）的患者，血漿中何種物質濃度會下降？",32,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-048","下列何者是惡性軟組織腫瘤？",48,2,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-062","下列何種藥物可用於治療肢端肥大症（acromegaly）？",62,110,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":43},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-020","口渴時，腎小管增加水分再吸收的機轉為下列何者？",20,111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-024","壞血病（scurvy）是那一種維生素缺乏所造成？",24,113,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":43},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-018","下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）對水的通透度最低？",18,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711180]