[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-023":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-023","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-023",109,1,23,"人體甲狀腺激素（thyroid hormone）分泌不足時，最可能出現下列何種症狀？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"對熱耐受性不足","醣類的異化作用提升","蛋白質同化作用提升","心輸出量降低","D",null,[],"本題考點是甲狀腺激素對全身代謝與心血管的作用。甲狀腺激素會提升基礎代謝率、產熱與心臟對交感神經的敏感性，故分泌不足（甲狀腺低下）時，代謝下降、心跳與心收縮力減弱，依此心輸出量會降低，選 D。(A) 錯，甲狀腺低下產熱減少、反而是「怕冷、對冷耐受差」，不是怕熱；對熱耐受不足屬甲狀腺亢進。(B) 錯，甲狀腺激素促進醣類分解（異化），低下時醣類異化作用是下降而非提升。(C) 錯，甲狀腺低下時蛋白質合成（同化）也受抑制而下降，不會提升。故僅 D 與甲狀腺激素不足的整體代謝抑制方向一致。","甲狀腺激素（T3\u002FT4）是全身代謝的「油門」：上調 Na⁺\u002FK⁺-ATPase 與粒線體氧化磷酸化以增加產熱，並上調心肌 β1 受體數目與 β-腎上腺素反應，故亢進時心搏過速、脈壓大；低下時心跳慢、每搏輸出量與心輸出量下降，甚至黏液水腫。記憶對比：亢進＝怕熱、體重減、心悸、腹瀉；低下＝怕冷、體重增、心搏慢、便秘、反應遲鈍。異化（catabolism）＝分解，同化（anabolism）＝合成，甲狀腺激素在生理量時兩者皆促進以維持周轉，低下時整體代謝速率同步下降。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"甲狀腺激素",{"term":28,"count":11},"基礎代謝率",{"term":30,"count":11},"心輸出量",{"term":32,"count":11},"β腎上腺素受體敏感性",{"term":34,"count":11},"甲狀腺功能低下",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-024","在排卵後一天，與排卵日相比，下列何種激素在血中的濃度不會下降？",24,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-040","下列何種變化最可能發生在凋亡（apoptosis）的細胞？",40,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-054","腎臟功能不良的高齡病人，若以 vancomycin 治療其嚴重感染症，要特別注意下列何種副作用？",54,110,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":44},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-012","當小偷被警察追著跑時，下列何者不是小偷的交感神經調控之生理作用？",12,111,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-016","下列腎臟構造中，何者最靠近腎門（renal hilum）？",16,113,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":44},"nurse-114-2-basic-medicine-010","下列何者攜帶的神經纖維刺激耳下腺的分泌？",10,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711113]