[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-109-1-基礎醫學-011","nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-011",109,1,11,"下列何者是由入球小動脈（afferent arteriole）的管壁平滑肌細胞特化形成，能分泌腎活素（renin）調節血壓？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"緻密斑細胞（macula densa cells）","近腎絲球細胞（juxtaglomerular cells）","腎小球系膜細胞（mesangial cells）","足細胞（podocytes）","B",null,[],"本題考點是近腎絲球器中分泌腎素的細胞。依腎臟組織學,由入球小動脈管壁『平滑肌細胞特化』而來、能分泌腎素(renin)調節血壓者,是「近腎絲球細胞(JG 細胞,顆粒細胞)」,故選 B。A 緻密斑細胞位於遠曲小管,功能是偵測小管內鈉濃度以回饋調控,非平滑肌來源、也不直接分泌腎素。C 系膜細胞提供支持並具收縮與吞噬,調節腎絲球過濾面積,非分泌腎素。D 足細胞以足突形成濾過裂隙膜、構成過濾屏障,與腎素無關。考點在於辨識『入球小動脈平滑肌特化→JG 細胞→分泌腎素』這條對應。","近腎絲球器三成分:①JG 細胞(入球小動脈平滑肌特化,含腎素顆粒,兼感壓);②緻密斑(遠曲小管上皮特化,感測管內 NaCl);③球外系膜細胞。RAAS 啟動機轉:低血壓\u002F低鈉\u002F交感興奮(β1)→JG 細胞釋腎素→血管收縮素原→AngⅠ→(ACE)→AngⅡ→血管收縮+促醛固酮保鈉排鉀→升血壓與血量。臨床藥理連結:ACEI\u002FARB、β阻斷劑、腎素抑制劑皆作用於此軸。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"RAAS系統",3,{"term":29,"count":11},"近腎絲球細胞",{"term":31,"count":11},"腎素renin",{"term":33,"count":11},"近腎絲球器",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-012","下列有關膽囊的敘述何者正確？",12,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":43},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-028","下列何者為心臟收縮最主要的能量來源？",28,2,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":11},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-042","下列有關栓塞（embolism）的敘述，何者最不適當？",42,110,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":11},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-080","宿主細胞的何種機轉必為病毒所用？",80,111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-004","帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）的顫抖症狀肇因為何？",4,113,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-048","有關腺病毒（adenovirus）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",48,114,"2026-09-04",1788510711010]