[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-037":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-037","nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-037",108,2,37,"有關個人因應與壓力的理論，下列敘述何者正確？①下視丘－腦下垂體－腎上腺軸（HPA）的改變是個人面臨壓力源時主要的調節系統 ②壓力與中樞神經系統前額葉及邊緣系統的改變有關 ③壓力反應與個體之腦幹－運動及感覺皮質區有關 ④災難經驗對個人造成立即心理改變，但不影響個體知覺與性格特性",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"①②","②③","③④","①③","A",null,[],"本題考點為壓力的神經生理機轉。依壓力生理學,①下視丘-腦下垂體-腎上腺軸(HPA axis)是個體面臨壓力源時主要的內分泌調節系統,透過皮質醇釋放因應壓力;②壓力反應與中樞神經系統的前額葉及邊緣系統(如杏仁核、海馬迴)改變有關,兩者皆正確,故選 A。③稱壓力反應與腦幹-運動及感覺皮質區有關並不正確,壓力調節核心在 HPA 軸與邊緣系統,而非運動感覺皮質。④稱災難經驗只造成立即心理改變但不影響知覺與性格錯在重大創傷確實可長期改變個體的知覺、認知與人格(如創傷後壓力症)。判斷關鍵在於掌握 HPA 軸與前額葉-邊緣系統是壓力反應的兩大生理基礎。","壓力生理雙系統:①快速的交感-腎上腺髓質(SAM)路徑→分泌腎上腺素(戰或逃);②較慢的 HPA 軸(下視丘 CRH→腦下垂體 ACTH→腎上腺皮質醇)→維持長期壓力反應。中樞調控在前額葉(評估)與邊緣系統(杏仁核情緒、海馬迴記憶)。慢性壓力使皮質醇過高,損害海馬迴。創傷可長期改變人格與知覺(PTSD)。口訣:壓力=HPA 軸+邊緣系統,不是運動皮質。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"HPA 軸",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"壓力生理學",{"term":30,"count":26},"邊緣系統",{"term":32,"count":26},"前額葉",[34,38,43,47,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-038","有關自殺危險因子之說明，下列敘述何者正確？①自殺危險因子廣布於生物、心理、社會、經濟、文化層面，絕非單一因素 ②自殺危險因子具有快速變動與不易測度的特質，故此自殺防範應單一統由專責人員負責 ③自殺的危險遠端因子中包括精神科疾病、致命工具的可近性 ④社會心理因素會與自殺相關，如重大失落事件",38,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-054","經過社區健康營造之後，某社區居民提升口腔癌與檳榔使用的認知，也願意改變以種植檳榔維生的方式。這是屬於何種評價？",54,109,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-psychiatric-community-068","某糖尿病學童在校發生手抖及冒冷汗現象，學校護理師測量其血糖為 55 mg\u002FdL，下列何者護理處置最適當？",68,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":26},"nurse-111-1-psychiatric-community-026","有關評估假性失智症（pseudodementia）與失智症之臨床差異，下列何者正確？①假性失智症多半有比較清楚的發病時間 ②假性失智症常抱怨認知障礙 ③失智症行為與認知障礙的嚴重度吻合 ④失智症對問話老是回答「不知道」、「忘記了」",26,111,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":26},"nurse-112-1-psychiatric-community-070","有關社區健康評估中訪談重要人物之敘述，下列何者正確？",70,112,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-psychiatric-community-004","精神衛生工作的三級預防概念，下列何者屬於三級預防的工作內容？",4,113,"2026-09-04",1788510707757]