[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-056":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-2-內外科護理學-056","nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-056",108,2,56,"下列何者為支氣管擴張症最主要的病因？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"細菌感染","過敏反應","遺傳","老化","A",null,[],"本題考點為支氣管擴張症(bronchiectasis)的主要成因。此病是支氣管壁因反覆感染與發炎，破壞肌肉與彈性纖維導致管腔永久不可逆擴張，故最主要病因是反覆或慢性細菌感染，選 A。選項 B 過敏反應主要與氣喘相關，並非支氣管壁結構破壞的核心機轉。選項 C 遺傳因素如囊性纖維化雖可續發支氣管擴張，但在台灣屬少數，並非「最主要」病因。選項 D 老化只是危險背景，本身不會直接造成支氣管壁破壞擴張。故以感染導致的破壞循環為最主要病因。","惡性循環概念：感染→發炎→支氣管壁破壞→分泌物滯留→再感染，形成不可逆擴張。典型症狀為大量膿痰、慢性咳嗽、反覆感染、咳血。續發原因包括兒童期百日咳、麻疹、肺結核、阻塞及囊性纖維化。照護重點在姿勢引流排痰與控制感染。與慢性支氣管炎、氣喘鑑別在「結構性擴張」。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"支氣管擴張症",4,{"term":28,"count":29},"反覆感染",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"支氣管壁破壞",{"term":33,"count":29},"惡性循環",{"term":35,"count":29},"不可逆擴張",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-057","有關呼吸困難之徵象，下列何者最不常見？",57,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-073","孕婦發生呼吸道梗塞的情況時，下列何種處置最適當？",73,109,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":29},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-007","有關不同類型腦血管意外的敘述，下列何者正確？",7,110,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-medical-surgical-045","有關全身性紅斑性狼瘡之護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",45,111,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-009","下列何者可用來做為大腸癌手術後是否復發的參考指標？",9,112,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":10},"nurse-113-2-medical-surgical-023","有關常見腫瘤標記的應用，下列何者正確？ ①癌胚抗原（CEA）可監測結腸直腸癌治療效果 ②癌抗原 125（CA125）可監測胰臟癌與消化道腫瘤 ③前列腺特異抗原（PSA）為前列腺癌的偵測與治療指標 ④癌抗原 15-3（CA15-3）可監測晚期或合併遠端轉移乳癌之治療反應 ⑤α-胎兒蛋白（AFP）為監測肺癌治療後的指標",23,113,"2026-09-04",1788510706664]