[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":62},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":61},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-2-內外科護理學-011","nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-011",108,2,11,"病人抽出腹水 1,500 mL 後，可能出現下列何種徵象？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"呼吸加快","心跳加快","體溫上升","血壓上升","B",null,[],"本題考點是大量腹水引流後的血流動力學變化。依一次抽出大量腹水（1,500 mL）會使腹腔內壓驟降，血液快速重新分布至內臟血管床，造成有效循環血量下降，身體代償出現心跳加快，故選 B。選項 A「呼吸加快」不是抽腹水後主要的即時變化，反而橫膈壓迫解除後呼吸通常改善；選項 C「體溫上升」與腹水引流無直接因果；選項 D「血壓上升」方向相反，大量引流後因血量相對不足，血壓傾向下降而非上升。考點在於辨識大量抽腹水致有效循環血量減少的代償性心搏過速。","大量抽腹水（large-volume paracentesis）後，原本壓迫的腹腔壓力解除，內臟血管擴張、體液向腹腔與血管外重新分布，有效循環血量下降，可能引發抽腹水後循環功能障礙（PICD），表現為心跳加快、血壓下降，臨床上因此常在大量引流時補充白蛋白以維持血漿膠體滲透壓。記憶口訣：一次抽太多，血量『被稀釋分散』，心跳先加快代償、血壓往下掉。可連結肝硬化門脈高壓與低白蛋白血症形成腹水的機轉、以及膠體滲透壓對血管內容量的維持作用。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"大量抽腹水",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"有效循環血量下降",{"term":30,"count":26},"代償性心搏過速",{"term":32,"count":26},"白蛋白補充",[34,38,43,47,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-012","下列何者是造成腹膜炎常見的致病菌？",12,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-028","下列何項檢查無法評估心輸出量？",28,109,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":42,"session":10},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-042","真性紅血球增多症的臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",42,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-080","有關腸病毒的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",80,110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":26},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-044","王同學騎機車不慎與汽車擦撞引發機車起火，右小腿外側有 15 公分 ×7.5 公分的皮膚受損，診斷為深二度燒傷。下列臨床表徵何者正確？①皮膚變紅無水泡 ②皮膚呈灰白色有水泡 ③劇烈疼痛感 ④汗腺及毛囊完整 ⑤表皮及真皮層受損",44,112,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":41,"year":60,"session":26},"nurse-113-1-medical-surgical-028","有關氣爆引發四度熱燒傷的健康問題，下列何者較不常發生？",113,"2026-09-04",1788510706278]