[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-074":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":68},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-074","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-074",108,2,74,"補體系統（complement system）是對抗細菌感染的重要機制之一。下列何者是感染時最早活化的補體反應？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"傳統途徑（classical pathway）","替代途徑（alternative pathway）","凝集素途徑（lectin pathway）","抗原呈現途徑（antigen presentation pathway）","B",null,[],"本題考點為補體系統三條活化途徑的啟動時序。依免疫學，感染初期尚無專一抗體時，替代途徑（alternative pathway）可由 C3 自發水解直接附著於病原表面而最早啟動，屬先天免疫的立即防線，故選 B。（A）傳統途徑需抗原-抗體複合體（IgM\u002FIgG）觸發，通常於適應性免疫抗體生成後才作用，較晚。（C）凝集素途徑經 MBL 辨識病原表面甘露糖啟動，屬先天免疫但非最早自發活化者。（D）抗原呈現途徑並非補體系統的活化途徑，屬混淆選項。","三途徑最終匯流於 C3 轉化酶，形成膜攻擊複合體（MAC, C5b-9）並產生 C3a／C5a 促發炎與調理素 C3b。時序記憶：替代途徑『不需抗體、隨時待命』故最早；凝集素途徑靠 MBL 辨醣；傳統途徑要等抗體到位故最晚。感染剛發生、抗體未成形時，能立即反應的只有先天途徑，而其中 C3 持續低度自發水解讓替代途徑成為第一時間的補體反應，故選 B。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"先天免疫",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"補體替代途徑",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"C3 自發水解",{"term":34,"count":30},"傳統途徑需抗體",{"term":36,"count":30},"凝集素途徑(MBL)",[38,42,47,52,57,63],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-075","CD4 T 細胞活化後，可以依據其所分泌的細胞激素種類分成不同 T H 亞群（subset）。下列敘述何者正確？",75,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-011","頸部左側的頸總動脈直接源自下列何者？",11,109,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":30},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-025","下列那一種神經膠細胞（neuroglia cells）可幫助調節腦脊髓液（cerebrospinal fluid）的生成與流動？",25,110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":30},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-063","下列何者可藉由中和 interleukin-1（IL-1），阻斷 IL-1 受體活化所導致的關節發炎疾病？",63,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-037","下列抗心律不整藥物中，何者為人體內生性物質，經靜脈方式給與高劑量時，可以有效治療心室上心搏過速（supraventricular tachycardias）？",37,112,3,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":30},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-031","下列何種藥物不能抑制乙醯膽鹼酯酶（acetylcholinesterase）？",31,114,"2026-09-04",1788510705449]