[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-065":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-065","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-065",108,2,65,"培養無致病性的肺炎雙球菌時，添加已死亡之致病性肺炎雙球菌的何種物質，會使其成為有致病性的細菌？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"細胞壁","蛋白質","脂肪酸","核酸","D",null,[],"本題考點為細菌轉形（transformation）與遺傳物質的本質。依 Griffith 與 Avery 的經典實驗，無莢膜（無致病性）肺炎雙球菌可攝取死亡致病菌釋出的物質而獲得致病性，實驗證明具轉形活性的成分是 DNA（核酸），選 D。（A）細胞壁為結構成分，不攜帶遺傳指令，破壞後不影響轉形結果。（B）蛋白質經蛋白酶處理後轉形仍發生，證明轉形因子非蛋白質。（C）脂肪酸屬能量與膜成分，不具遺傳訊息傳遞功能。","Avery-MacLeod-McCarty 實驗以酵素排除法定調：加 DNase 才使轉形消失，加蛋白酶、RNase 皆無效，故確立 DNA 為遺傳物質，是分子生物學史上的里程碑。轉形是細菌三種水平基因轉移之一（另為轉導 transduction 由噬菌體媒介、接合 conjugation 經性菌毛）。本題把『致病性可轉移』與『載體是核酸』綁在一起，抓住 DNase 才能廢除轉形這一關鍵即可穩選核酸。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"水平基因轉移",3,{"term":29,"count":30},"細菌轉形",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"DNA 為遺傳物質",{"term":34,"count":30},"Griffith\u002FAvery 實驗",{"term":36,"count":30},"肺炎雙球菌莢膜",[38,42,46,51,56,61],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-066","有關第一型過敏反應（Type I hypersensitivity），下列敘述何者錯誤？",66,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":11,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-002","下列有關椎骨的敘述，何者錯誤？",109,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":30},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-016","下列何者包覆陰蒂（clitoris），形成陰蒂的包皮（prepuce of clitoris）？",16,110,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":30},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-054","藥物在肝臟代謝的第一期（phase I）反應，不包括下列何者？",54,111,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":27},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-028","下列何者是兒童最常見的白血病？",28,112,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":30},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-022","下列何者與血液的高凝血狀態易形成血栓的關聯性最小？",22,114,"2026-09-04",1788510705376]