[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-061":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":68},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-061","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-061",108,2,61,"下列何種藥物可使鼻黏膜上小動脈收縮，作為鼻充血腫脹解除劑，用於治療鼻炎？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"H 2 antihistamines","α 1 adrenergic agonists","theophylline","cromolyn","B",null,[],"本題考點為鼻充血解除劑（decongestant）的作用機轉。鼻塞源於鼻黏膜血管擴張、充血腫脹，依交感神經藥理，α1 腎上腺素受體位於血管平滑肌，被活化後引起血管收縮；故 α1 adrenergic agonists（如 phenylephrine、oxymetazoline）能使鼻黏膜小動脈收縮、消腫，選 B。（A）H2 抗組織胺阻斷胃壁細胞 H2 受體以抑制胃酸分泌，與鼻黏膜血管無關。（C）theophylline 屬甲基黃嘌呤，主作用為鬆弛支氣管平滑肌，用於氣喘而非消除鼻充血。（D）cromolyn 為肥大細胞穩定劑，抑制去顆粒化以預防過敏發作，起效慢、非收縮血管，無立即解除鼻塞之效。","血管張力由交感 α1 受體主導：活化 Gq 蛋白使血管平滑肌收縮。鼻噴劑型 α 致效劑連續使用逾數日易出現反彈性鼻塞（rhinitis medicamentosa），為受體向下調節之結果，是此類藥的著名限制。對比記憶：α1＝血管收縮（升壓、消鼻塞）、β2＝支氣管擴張、H1＝過敏、H2＝胃酸。四個選項恰好各代表一條獨立路徑，可整組串記以辨別題幹想考的『收縮血管』標的。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"血管收縮",6,{"term":29,"count":30},"α1 腎上腺素受體致效劑",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"鼻充血解除劑",{"term":34,"count":30},"H2 抗組織胺",{"term":36,"count":30},"肥大細胞穩定劑",[38,42,47,52,57,63],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-062","leucovorin 與下列何種抗癌藥物同時使用，可以減低抗癌藥物的不良副作用？",62,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":30},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-078","微生物學家科霍（Robert Koch）提出特定疾病病原的判斷原則，稱之為科霍假說（Koch’s postulate）。基於現代科技的進展，在應用的過程，科霍假說不適用於下列那一種疾病？",78,109,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":30},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-012","肺臟內的那一構造，只具有傳送氣體的導管功用，但是不具備氣體交換的功能？",12,110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":30},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-050","使用下列何種吸入性麻醉劑，最易引起心律不整（cardiac arrhythmia）之副作用？",50,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-024","有關唐氏症（Down syndrome）的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",24,112,3,{"webId":64,"stem":65,"number":66,"year":67,"session":30},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-018","耳下腺導管（parotid duct）開口於口腔何處的黏膜？",18,114,"2026-09-04",1788510705344]