[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-058":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-058","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-058",108,2,58,"下列何種藥物屬於腸刺激或腸興奮劑，可作為瀉劑？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"mineral oil","castor oil","docusate sodium","glycerin suppositories","B",null,[],"本題考點在瀉劑的作用機轉分類。依藥理學，castor oil（蓖麻油）經腸道解離出蓖麻油酸，刺激腸黏膜、增加腸蠕動並改變水分電解質分泌，屬刺激性（腸興奮）瀉劑，故選B。A的mineral oil為潤滑性瀉劑，包覆糞便使易滑出。C的docusate sodium為糞便軟化劑（界面活性劑），使水分滲入糞便。D的glycerin栓劑屬局部滲透性瀉劑，皆非腸刺激作用，故不符。","瀉劑依機轉分四型好記：刺激性（castor oil、bisacodyl、senna）直接催動蠕動；滲透性（乳果糖、鎂鹽、glycerin）留住水分；膨脹性（纖維、psyllium）增糞體積；軟化\u002F潤滑（docusate、mineral oil）使糞便易通過。刺激性作用最快最強但久用恐致腸倦怠。記憶口訣：蓖麻油『刺激腸子快跑』。可連結：蓖麻油酸、刺激性vs滲透性vs膨脹性瀉劑、腸黏膜蠕動、界面活性軟便劑。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"castor油為刺激性瀉劑",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"蓖麻油酸刺激腸蠕動",{"term":31,"count":27},"潤滑\u002F軟化\u002F滲透瀉劑分類",{"term":33,"count":27},"docusate糞便軟化劑",[35,39,44,49,54,60],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-059","靜脈注射 adenosine 可治療急性上心室（supraventricular）心律不整，主要作用機制為何？",59,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-075","下列病毒的散播，何者不經病媒蚊媒介？",75,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-009","間盤（intercalated disc）為下列何者之特殊結構？",9,110,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-047","下列何者不是引起快速進行（新月形）腎小球腎炎[Rapidly progressive （crescentic） glomerulonephritis] 的原因？",47,111,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":59},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-021","下列何者，最容易出現細胞中脂褐質（lipofuscin）的沉積？",21,112,3,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-015","下列何者不是輸尿管（ureter）管腔較為狹窄的位置？",15,114,"2026-09-04",1788510705314]