[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-050":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-050","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-050",108,2,50,"下列何者不是使用嗎啡類藥物（opioids）常見之副作用？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"便秘","高血壓","呼吸抑制","縮瞳","B",null,[],"本題考點在嗎啡類藥物的常見副作用。依藥理學，opioid作用於中樞與周邊μ類鴉片受體，常見便秘（腸蠕動抑制，A）、呼吸抑制（延腦呼吸中樞抑制，C）與縮瞳（動眼神經副交感核興奮，D），此三者皆為典型副作用。B高血壓並非opioid常見副作用；相反地，嗎啡因促組織胺釋放與降低交感張力，多造成血壓下降而非上升，故選B為非常見副作用者。","opioid副作用中，唯獨『縮瞳』不易產生耐受性，故針尖瞳孔是急性中毒的辨識線索；呼吸抑制則是致死主因，naloxone為專一拮抗劑。血流動力學上嗎啡促組織胺釋放、抑制交感，傾向低血壓與周邊血管擴張。記憶口訣：opioid中毒三徵『昏迷、呼吸抑制、針尖瞳孔』，加便秘；血壓是往下不是往上。可連結：μ受體、針尖瞳孔耐受性、naloxone拮抗、組織胺釋放低血壓。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"嗎啡類μ受體作用",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"便秘\u002F呼吸抑制\u002F縮瞳副作用",{"term":31,"count":27},"縮瞳不易產生耐受性",{"term":33,"count":27},"嗎啡致低血壓",[35,39,44,48,53,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-051","下列安眠藥中，何者不具有抗痙攣或肌肉鬆弛之特性，且長期使用較不易產生耐受性（tolerance）？",51,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-067","小鼠如果在出生後，立即切除胸腺（thymectomy），主要會影響那一種免疫反應？",67,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":27,"year":47,"session":27},"nurse-110-1-basic-medicine-001","在青春期，下列何者對長骨的「縱向生長」最為重要？",110,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-039","下列那一種腎臟腫瘤主要常見於 10 歲以下的小孩？",39,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-013","下列腦區何者未參與調節意識（consciousness）的清醒或睡眠狀態？",13,112,3,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-114-1-basic-medicine-007","在胎兒時期，下列那個構造可與右心房直接相通？",7,114,"2026-09-04",1788510705236]