[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-043","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-043",108,2,43,"下列感染症的致病機轉與細菌產生的外毒素有關，何者除外？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"白喉性心肌炎","霍亂弧菌引發嚴重下痢","破傷風桿菌引發的骨骼肌痙攣","大腸桿菌引發的敗血性休克","D",null,[],"本題考點在區辨外毒素與內毒素所致的疾病機轉。依微生物學，白喉性心肌炎由白喉桿菌外毒素抑制蛋白質合成（A）、霍亂弧菌外毒素活化腺苷酸環化酶致大量水瀉（B）、破傷風桿菌外毒素阻斷抑制性神經傳導致骨骼肌痙攣（C），三者皆為外毒素致病。D大腸桿菌引發的敗血性休克是由格蘭氏陰性菌細胞壁的脂多醣（LPS，即內毒素）引發全身發炎連鎖反應所致，屬內毒素而非外毒素，故選D為除外者。","外毒素多為革蘭氏陽性或特定陰性菌主動分泌的蛋白質，作用專一、可製成類毒素疫苗（如白喉、破傷風）；內毒素是革蘭氏陰性菌外膜的LPS，於菌體崩解時釋出，非專一地誘發發燒、休克與瀰漫性血管內凝血。記憶對比：外毒素＝蛋白質、專一、可做疫苗；內毒素＝LPS、革蘭氏陰性、致敗血性休克。可連結：類毒素疫苗、脂多醣LPS、細胞激素風暴、AB毒素模型。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"外毒素與內毒素區辨",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"脂多醣LPS內毒素",{"term":31,"count":27},"敗血性休克機轉",{"term":33,"count":27},"白喉\u002F破傷風\u002F霍亂外毒素",[35,39,44,48,53,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-044","下列何者為常見的小球性（microcytic）貧血的原因？",44,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-060","下列何種類鴉片藥物，對 κ-受體的致效劑作用較其對 µ-及 δ-受體的作用強？",60,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-074","關於細菌引發食物中毒的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",74,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-032","下列有關胃腸道神經反射的受體（receptor）角色，何者錯誤？",32,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":58},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-006","支持子宮的韌帶中，下列何者會經過鼠蹊管（inguinal canal）連結到大陰唇（labia majora）？",6,112,3,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":58},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-050","下列關於叢林型斑疹傷寒（scrub typhus）的敘述何者錯誤？",50,113,"2026-09-04",1788510705179]