[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-038":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-038","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-038",108,2,38,"下列何者最常引起兒童腎病症候群（nephrotic syndrome）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"膜性腎絲球腎炎（membranous glomerulonephritis）","微小變化型腎絲球腎炎（minimal change glomerulonephritis）","局部節段性腎絲球硬化（focal segmental glomerulonephritis）","膜增殖性腎絲球腎炎（mebranoproliferative glomerulonephritis）","B",null,[],"本題考點在兒童腎病症候群最常見的病理型別。依腎臟病理學，微小變化型腎絲球腎炎（minimal change disease）是兒童腎病症候群最常見原因，光學顯微鏡下腎絲球幾乎正常，僅電子顯微鏡見足細胞足突消失，對類固醇反應良好，故選B。A膜性腎絲球腎炎為成人腎病症候群常見型。C局部節段性腎絲球硬化較常見於較大兒童、青少年及特定族群，且類固醇反應較差。D膜增殖性腎絲球腎炎相對少見，常伴低補體血症，皆非兒童最常見原因。","微小變化型的核心在足細胞：T細胞相關的循環因子造成足突融合、腎絲球基底膜負電荷喪失，使白蛋白選擇性漏出，形成大量蛋白尿與低白蛋白血症。其『微小』意指光鏡看不出變化，須靠電鏡。記憶對比：小孩＋大量蛋白尿＋類固醇有效＝微小變化；成人腎病＝膜性；伴血尿低補體＝膜增殖。可連結：足細胞足突消失、選擇性蛋白尿、類固醇反應、電子顯微鏡診斷。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"微小變化型腎絲球腎炎",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"兒童腎病症候群",{"term":31,"count":27},"足細胞足突消失",{"term":33,"count":27},"選擇性蛋白尿",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-039","下列何者是濾泡性淋巴瘤（follicular lymphoma）最常見到的染色體變化？",39,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-055","使用下列何種藥物，最易導致潛在結核病（latent tuberculosis）復發？",55,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-069","病人4個月前到非洲旅遊，回國後一星期因發燒39℃，疲倦就醫，為證明其是否感染惡性瘧疾（Plasmodium falciparum），應收集什麼檢體做鏡檢最適當？",69,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-027","下列何者不屬於胰臟的外分泌蛋白質？",27,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":27,"year":56,"session":57},"nurse-112-3-basic-medicine-001","下列何者收縮可伸展肘關節（elbow joint）？",112,3,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":57},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-045","法蘭西氏土倫桿菌（Francisella tularensis）可以在巨噬細胞內存活一段時間的主要原因為何？",45,113,"2026-09-04",1788510705131]