[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-032","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-032",108,2,32,"下列那一項不屬於進食誘發吞嚥反射（swallowing reflex）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"呼吸受到抑制","聲門（glottis）關閉","上食道括約肌（upper esophageal sphincter）鬆弛","下食道括約肌（lower esophageal sphincter）收縮","D",null,[],"本題考點在吞嚥反射咽期的協調動作。依吞嚥生理，食團刺激咽部後進入咽期，為避免嗆入氣道並推進食團，會出現呼吸暫時抑制、聲門關閉、上食道括約肌鬆弛以讓食團進入食道，故A、B、C皆屬吞嚥反射。D錯在方向相反：下食道括約肌在吞嚥時應『鬆弛』而非收縮，如此食團才能由食道進入胃；若下食道括約肌此時收縮反而阻擋食團，與吞嚥目的矛盾，故D不屬於進食誘發的吞嚥反射。","吞嚥分口腔期（自主）、咽期（反射）、食道期三階段。咽期由延腦吞嚥中樞協調：軟顎上抬封鼻咽、會厭下蓋、聲門閉、呼吸停，同時上食道括約肌開放。食道期則以蠕動波推進，前方下食道括約肌先鬆弛（receptive relaxation，迷走神經介導的容受性舒張）。記憶口訣：括約肌在食團到來『前開後關』——要通過就先鬆弛。可連結：延腦吞嚥中樞、賁門弛緩不能（achalasia，LES無法鬆弛）、迷走神經。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"吞嚥反射咽期",1,{"term":29,"count":27},"下食道括約肌鬆弛",{"term":31,"count":27},"會厭與聲門保護氣道",{"term":33,"count":27},"延腦吞嚥中樞",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-033","下列何種疾病最不常以肉芽腫性發炎來呈現？",33,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":27},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-049","有關抗高血壓藥物的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",49,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-063","Caspofungin用於治療黴菌感染，下列何者為其作用機轉？",63,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":27},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-021","下列何者可協助維生素 D（vitamin D）轉換為骨化三醇（calcitriol）？",21,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-045","下列何種自體免疫疾病，病人體內會有 IgG 抗體對抗腎臟基底膜上第四型膠原蛋白，引起腎組織內的發炎反應？",45,112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-039","下列抗癌藥物中，何者不屬於烷基化藥物（alkylating agents）？",39,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510705066]