[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-030":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-030","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-030",108,2,30,"下列何者是維持亨利氏環下行支水分再吸收的因素？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"氫離子","氯離子","尿素","鉀離子","C",null,[],"本題考點為亨利氏環下行支水分再吸收的驅動因素。亨利氏環下行支對水通透、對溶質相對不通透,其水分再吸收靠腎髓質間質的高滲透濃度梯度將水拉出,而此髓質高滲透壓的維持有賴尿素的再循環累積,故選C尿素。A氫離子與尿液酸化及酸鹼平衡有關,並非維持髓質滲透梯度的主因。B氯離子雖參與上行粗段的NaCl主動再吸收,但下行支水分移動的直接驅動是髓質整體滲透濃度,而尿素是使深層髓質滲透壓再升高的關鍵溶質。D鉀離子非維持此梯度的主要成分。判斷關鍵在於認清髓質高滲透壓由NaCl與尿素共同建立,而尿素再循環是深部髓質高滲的重要來源。","逆流倍增機制:上行粗段主動泵出NaCl建立髓質滲透梯度,下行支僅對水通透,水順滲透梯度被動移出而濃縮管內液。深層髓質的高滲透壓另有賴尿素再循環——集尿管內層在ADH作用下對尿素通透,尿素滲入髓質間質,強化滲透濃度,進一步驅動下行支排水。對比記憶:「上行搬鹽、下行放水;尿素再循環把髓質醃得更鹹」。此機制使腎能生成高濃縮尿以保留水分,ADH則調控集尿管透水性。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"逆流倍增機制",{"term":28,"count":29},"亨利氏環下行支",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"髓質滲透梯度",{"term":33,"count":29},"尿素再循環",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-031","下列有關蛋白質消化和吸收的敘述，何者正確？",31,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-047","重症肌無力（myasthenia gravis）的主要病變是發生在何處？",47,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-061","下列何種藥物屬於腸刺激或腸興奮劑，常與含有docusate的軟便劑合用，用於治療鴉片類藥物引發之便秘？",61,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-019","下列何種胺基酸與甘味（umami）的味覺產生有關？",19,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-043","下列那一種絛蟲類寄生蟲囊體幼蟲會侵入腦部造成病害？",43,112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-037","小玉是位有心臟病病史的膀胱癌病人，正在使用化療藥物 cisplatin，因出現嘔吐副作用，此時使用下列何種止吐劑最合適？",37,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510705050]