[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-028","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-028",108,2,28,"腎小球濾液與血漿的組成，主要差異為下列何者？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"白血球","紅血球","蛋白質","核甘酸","C",null,[],"本題考點為腎絲球過濾的選擇性。腎絲球過濾膜可讓水與小分子溶質自由通過,但正常情況下阻擋血球與大分子的血漿蛋白質,故腎絲球濾液與血漿的主要差異在於濾液幾乎不含蛋白質,選C。A白血球體積大,無法通過過濾膜,血漿與濾液本就都不以白血球為主要差異點,且濾液無白血球。B紅血球同樣因體積過大被阻擋,但正常血漿與濾液的定義性差異在蛋白質而非紅血球。D核苷酸為小分子,可自由濾過,兩者無差異。判斷關鍵在於認清過濾膜依「分子大小與電荷」選擇性阻擋血漿蛋白,故濾液是「無蛋白質的血漿」。","腎絲球過濾屏障三層:有孔內皮、基底膜、足細胞的裂孔膜,依分子大小與負電荷雙重篩選。水、電解質、葡萄糖、胺基酸、尿素、核苷酸等小分子自由濾過;白蛋白因帶負電且分子大而被排斥,故正常尿液幾乎不含蛋白。臨床連結:當屏障受損(如腎絲球腎炎、糖尿病腎病變)導致蛋白尿,是腎損傷的重要指標。記憶:「濾液=去蛋白、去血球的血漿」。微量白蛋白尿是早期腎病變篩檢重點。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"腎絲球過濾",{"term":28,"count":29},"過濾屏障選擇性",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"血漿蛋白質阻擋",{"term":33,"count":29},"濾液組成",[35,39,44,48,53,58],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-029","下列何者可產生表面活性劑（surfactant）？",29,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-045","一位 25 歲的女性近來莫名嗜睡且神智不清，影像學檢查發現胰臟有一個 2 公分的腫瘤，手術摘除後症狀完全消失，病理檢查結果為胰臟的神經內分泌瘤（neuroendocrine tumor）。她最可能罹患的是：",45,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-059","下列降血壓藥，何者常見的副作用為咳嗽？",59,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-017","碳水化合物（carbohydrate）的碳、氫、氧原子數目的比率是：",17,111,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-041","下列敘述何者錯誤？",41,112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":63},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-035","下列藥物中，何者可減少 angiotensin II 生成，並且使體內 bradykinin 含量增加，因此產生血管舒張作用而降低血壓？",35,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510705028]