[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-012":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":63},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-108-2-基礎醫學-012","nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-012",108,2,12,"下列那一段腎小管（renal tubule）的管壁細胞最為扁平？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"近曲小管（proximal convoluted tubule）","亨利氏環（loop of Henle）","遠曲小管（distal convoluted tubule）","集尿管（collecting duct）","B",null,[],"本題考點為腎小管各段管壁上皮的細胞形態。亨利氏環(尤其下行支細段)的管壁由單層扁平上皮構成,細胞最為扁平,以利水分被動滲透通過,故選B。A近曲小管由具刷狀緣的單層立方上皮構成,細胞較高,以利大量再吸收。C遠曲小管亦為單層立方上皮,但刷狀緣不明顯,細胞仍非扁平。D集尿管由單層立方至柱狀上皮組成,細胞更為高大。判斷關鍵在於認清亨利氏環細段須讓水或離子被動通透,故演化成最薄的扁平上皮以縮短擴散距離,其餘各段皆為立方或柱狀。","腎小管上皮與功能相稱:近曲小管刷狀緣(microvilli)大幅擴大表面積,主動再吸收葡萄糖、胺基酸、鈉;亨利氏環細段扁平上皮利被動的水(下行支)與NaCl(上行細段)移動;上行粗段有Na-K-2Cl共同運輸子,是逆流倍增的動力來源。集尿管受ADH與醛固酮調控。記憶:「要通透就變薄」——扁平上皮出現在需被動擴散處(亨利氏環細段、肺泡、微血管內皮)。",[25,27,30,32],{"term":26,"count":11},"腎小管",{"term":28,"count":29},"亨利氏環細段",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"單層扁平上皮",{"term":33,"count":29},"被動水分通透",[35,39,44,48,52,57],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-013","有關各器官之上皮結構何者錯誤？",13,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-029","下列何者藉由輔助擴散（facilitated diffusion）的方式，通過小腸上皮細胞之頂膜被吸收？",29,109,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":43,"session":11},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-043","下列那一種細胞不參與過敏性氣喘？",43,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":29,"year":51,"session":29},"nurse-111-1-basic-medicine-001","下列何者主要是由膜（membrane）構成的胞器？",111,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-025","由於發炎導致組織表面壞死，稱為：",25,112,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-019","有關氣胸（pneumothorax）後的敘述，下列何者最適當？",19,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510704879]