[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-059":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-1-內外科護理學-059","nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-059",108,1,59,"下列何者不會出現少尿現象？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"休克","急性腎衰竭","腦下垂體後葉受損","腎後性阻塞","C",null,[],"本題考點在於少尿的成因與尿崩機制的對比。腦下垂體後葉受損會使抗利尿激素（ADH）分泌不足，腎臟無法回收水分而大量排出稀釋尿，屬中樞性尿崩症，表現為多尿而非少尿，故不會出現少尿者選 C。（A）錯在休克時血壓下降、腎灌流不足，屬腎前性少尿。（B）錯在急性腎衰竭腎絲球濾過急遽下降，是典型腎因性少尿。（D）錯在腎後性阻塞（如結石、攝護腺肥大）使尿液排出受阻，同樣造成少尿或無尿。","少尿依部位分三型：腎前性（灌流不足，如休克、脫水）、腎因性（實質受損，如急性腎小管壞死）、腎後性（流出阻塞）。而腦下垂體後葉—ADH 系統受損走的是相反方向：ADH 作用於腎集尿管的水通道（aquaporin-2），缺乏時水分無法回收→多尿、口渴、尿比重與滲透壓極低。記憶對比：「缺 ADH 尿如水、腎前腎後尿變少」。連結概念：抗利尿激素 ADH、中樞性尿崩症、水通道 aquaporin、腎前／腎因／腎後性。",[24,27,30,32,34],{"term":25,"count":26},"抗利尿激素 ADH",5,{"term":28,"count":29},"中樞性尿崩症",3,{"term":31,"count":29},"腦下垂體後葉",{"term":33,"count":10},"少尿成因分類",{"term":35,"count":10},"腎前腎後性阻塞",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-060","膀胱癌的初期臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",60,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":9,"session":45},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-076","有關食物中毒之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",76,2,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":45},"nurse-109-2-medical-surgical-010","有關引起水瀉與血樣黏液糞便等特徵的腸道感染原，下列何者錯誤？",10,109,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":45},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-048","有關後天免疫缺乏症候群（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS）病人出院護理指導的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",48,110,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-012","有關肝活體組織切片檢查，下列敘述何者正確？",12,112,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":60,"session":29},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-046","有關糖尿病病人飲食控制原則的護理指導，下列何者正確？",46,"2026-09-04",1788510710035]