[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-1-內外科護理學-048","nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-048",108,1,48,"有關溶血性輸血引起的過敏反應，是下列那類免疫球蛋白與補體結合，活化補體系統所致？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"IgA、IgM","IgA、IgE","IgE、IgM","IgG、IgM","D",null,[],"本題考點在於溶血性輸血反應所屬的過敏型別與參與的免疫球蛋白。溶血性輸血反應屬第二型（細胞毒殺型）過敏反應，由 IgG 與 IgM 抗體結合紅血球表面抗原後活化補體系統，造成血管內溶血，故選 D。（A、B、C）錯在均含不會有效活化古典補體途徑的免疫球蛋白：IgA 為黏膜免疫、不啟動古典補體；IgE 主導第一型立即型過敏（如過敏性休克），與肥大細胞結合釋放組織胺，並非活化補體造成溶血的抗體。","古典補體途徑的啟動者只有 IgG 與 IgM（口訣「G、M 才 fix 補體」），且 IgM 為五聚體、活化補體效率最高。ABO 不相容輸血中，受血者血漿內既存的抗 A／抗 B 為 IgM，與供血紅血球抗原結合後迅速活化補體 C1，形成膜攻擊複合體造成血管內溶血。對比四型過敏：I 型 IgE（速發）、II 型 IgG\u002FIgM（細胞毒殺）、III 型免疫複合體、IV 型 T 細胞遲發。連結概念：ABO 不相容、膜攻擊複合體、血管內溶血、Coombs 試驗。",[24,27,29,31,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"第二型過敏反應",2,{"term":28,"count":10},"IgG 與 IgM 活化補體",{"term":30,"count":10},"古典補體途徑",{"term":32,"count":10},"ABO 不相容溶血",{"term":34,"count":10},"膜攻擊複合體",[36,40,44,49,54,58],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-049","有關全身性紅斑性狼瘡的護理措施，下列何者錯誤？",49,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":9,"session":26},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-065","蔡先生主訴噁心、食慾不振，昨日嘔吐量約 150 c.c.\u002F天，排尿量 360 c.c.\u002F天，血清鉀 6.8 mEq\u002FL，下列處置何者錯誤？",65,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-079","當支氣管擴張症病人出現下列何種狀況需盡速就醫？",79,109,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":26},"nurse-110-2-medical-surgical-037","病人接受化學治療後血小板數值為 10,000 cells\u002Fmm，下列何者為護理評估重點？",37,110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":10,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-112-1-medical-surgical-001","罹患腦下垂體腫瘤病人，醫師建議使用伽馬刀療法，下列何者顯示病人已了解本項治療？",112,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":57,"session":62},"nurse-112-3-medical-surgical-035","病人的動脈血液氣體分析報告為 pH 7.36，PaO 2 88 mmHg，PaCO 2 50 mmHg，HCO 3- 25 mEq\u002FL，下列措施何者應為最優先？",35,3,"2026-09-04",1788510709936]