[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-007":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-1-內外科護理學-007","nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-007",108,1,7,"有關阿茲海默氏症的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"是慢性、可逆性的腦部退化疾病","基因遺傳是可能的病因","有記憶力減退的症狀","NMDA 受體拮抗劑可以改善大腦功能","A",null,[],"本題考點是阿茲海默氏症的疾病特性，要選「錯誤」者。依病理，阿茲海默氏症是慢性、進行性且「不可逆」的大腦退化性疾病，會持續惡化而無法回復，故稱其為「可逆性」的 A 為錯誤。B 正確——遺傳為可能病因之一，家族史與 APOE 等基因與發病風險相關。C 正確——記憶力減退（尤其近期記憶）是最典型的早期症狀。D 正確——NMDA 受體拮抗劑（如 memantine）可調節麩胺酸過度活化、延緩認知功能退化，屬治療用藥之一。判斷關鍵在於「退化性失智為不可逆」，這也是它與可矯正型（如維生素缺乏、甲狀腺低下、常壓性水腦）失智的關鍵區別。","阿茲海默病理標誌：β-類澱粉蛋白斑塊與 tau 蛋白神經纖維纏結，導致神經元退化，屬不可逆進行性病程。用藥兩線：膽鹼酯酶抑制劑（donepezil 等，增乙醯膽鹼）用於輕中度；NMDA 拮抗劑（memantine，抑麩胺酸興奮毒性）用於中重度。可逆性失智（B12 缺乏、甲狀腺低下、常壓水腦、憂鬱假性失智）才有機會矯正，鑑別很重要。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"阿茲海默氏症",4,{"term":28,"count":10},"不可逆退化",{"term":30,"count":10},"NMDA受體拮抗劑",{"term":32,"count":10},"記憶力減退",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-008","有關肌無力症病人發生疑似膽鹼性危象（cholinergic crisis）時的處置，下列何者適當？①增加抗膽鹼酯酶藥物 ②停止使用 Pyridostigmine（Mestinon） ③由靜脈注射 atropine ④由靜脈注射類固醇",8,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":9,"session":42},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-024","有關急性心肌梗塞病人採限鈉飲食之敘述，下列何者正確？",24,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-038","有關食道靜脈曲張藥物治療之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",38,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-076","有關第一期心腦肺甦醒術（cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation; CPCR）的執行步驟，下列何者最優先？",76,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":42},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-040","林先生在輸血過程中出現頭痛、咳嗽、呼吸困難、心跳加快及血壓升高等情形，最有可能是出現下列那一種輸血反應？",40,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":42},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-074","有關甲狀腺功能低下之臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",74,112,"2026-09-04",1788510709517]