[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-004":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-108-1-內外科護理學-004","nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-004",108,1,4,"有關脊髓損傷所引起的神經性膀胱之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"下運動神經元神經性膀胱之排尿反射中樞是完整的","下運動神經元神經性膀胱訓練時可利用反射來排尿","上運動神經元神經性膀胱病人可以敲恥骨上緣或刺激肛門以誘發排尿","上運動神經元神經性膀胱的病人常發生腎臟合併症","C",null,[],"本題考點是脊髓損傷神經性膀胱的上、下運動神經元分型。上運動神經元（UMN）型為薦髓排尿中樞以上受損，其排尿反射弧仍完整，呈痙攣性反射膀胱，故可敲擊恥骨上緣或刺激肛門等誘發反射性排尿（C正確）。A、B錯在下運動神經元（LMN）型損及薦髓S2–S4排尿中樞，反射弧被破壞，反射中樞並不完整、也無法利用反射排尿，須改用Credé法或腹壓。D並非本題要選的正確敘述：腎臟合併症與長期高殘尿、逼尿肌—括約肌不協調造成的高膀胱內壓有關，兩型皆可能發生，並非UMN型的專屬特徵。故答案C。","關鍵在薦髓排尿中樞（S2–S4）是否完整：損傷在其「上方」＝UMN＝反射弧留存＝痙攣（自動）膀胱，可用敲擊、扣擊、刺激肛門觸發反射排尿；損傷在其「本身或下方」＝LMN＝反射弧中斷＝弛緩（自主性）膀胱，無反射、殘尿高，須Credé手壓或間歇導尿。記憶：「上高（位）＝反射在，敲一敲會尿；下（薦髓）壞＝反射沒，得用手壓。」臨床上UMN型若合併逼尿肌—括約肌不協調（DSD），膀胱內壓升高易致膀胱輸尿管逆流與腎損害，故長期照護重點在維持低壓排尿。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"神經性膀胱",5,{"term":28,"count":10},"上運動神經元反射性膀胱",{"term":30,"count":10},"薦髓S2-S4排尿中樞",{"term":32,"count":10},"反射弧完整性",[34,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":26,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-005","病人癲癇發作，意識不清的護理措施，下列何者正確？",{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":41},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-021","有關喉癌的臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",21,2,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":10},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-035","當癌症病人出現下列何種血液檢驗數據時，要考慮停止化學治療？①白血球 1,500\u002FμL ②紅血球 500 萬\u002FμL ③血小板 11 萬\u002FμL ④絕對嗜中性球 1,000\u002FμL",35,109,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":10},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-073","有關糖尿病足之護理指導，下列何者正確？",73,110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":41},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-037","有關癌症病人口腔黏膜障礙照護的敘述，下列何者正確？ ①使用含類固醇的口內膏，可緩解疼痛和發炎 ②Nystatin 可預防白色念珠菌感染，漱口後要吐掉不可吞服 ③病人對苦味的敏感度減少，故可以吃苦瓜和芥菜，補充纖維素 ④使用口香糖可維持口腔濕潤",37,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":41},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-071","有關胰島素注射之敘述，下列何者正確？",71,112,"2026-09-04",1788510709474]