[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-079":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-079","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-079",108,1,79,"黴菌與人類細胞在結構上最大的差別為何？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"細胞壁","細胞膜","細胞核","粒線體","A",null,[],"本題考點在黴菌（真菌）與人類細胞的結構差異。黴菌屬真核生物，與人類細胞同樣具細胞核、細胞膜與粒線體，唯一明顯不同在於黴菌具有細胞壁（成分為幾丁質與葡聚醣）而人類細胞沒有，故選 A 細胞壁。B 細胞膜兩者皆有（差別僅在膜固醇不同，黴菌用麥角固醇），非最大結構差別。C 細胞核與 D 粒線體為真核細胞共通胞器，兩者皆具，故不選。","真菌細胞壁與細胞膜正是抗黴菌藥的選擇性標靶：Echinocandin（Caspofungin）抑制細胞壁 β-1,3-glucan 合成；Azole 與 Amphotericin B 針對細胞膜的麥角固醇（ergosterol），前者抑制其合成、後者結合成孔破壞膜。因人類細胞用膽固醇而非麥角固醇、且無細胞壁，這些藥才具選擇毒性。對比記憶：細菌細胞壁主成分為肽聚醣（peptidoglycan），真菌為幾丁質與葡聚醣，兩者不同，故 β-內醯胺類抗生素對真菌無效。",[25,28,30,32,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"真菌",2,{"term":29,"count":27},"幾丁質與葡聚醣",{"term":31,"count":27},"麥角固醇",{"term":15,"count":11},{"term":34,"count":11},"抗黴菌藥標靶",[36,40,45,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-080","下列那一寄生蟲的生活史中不需經血液循環到肺，就能到達寄生部位發育成成蟲？",80,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-016","下列何種器官不釋放內分泌激素？",16,109,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":44,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-030","若以潮氣容積（tidal volume）200毫升，呼吸頻率40次／分鐘的方式持續呼吸30秒，會發生下列何種現象？",30,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-068","婦女經期衛生棉條不潔，引起之毒性休克症候群（toxic shock syndrome），為下列何種細菌產生之毒素所引起的？",68,110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":27},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-012","重症肌無力（Myasthenia Gravis）與下列何者之異常最相關？",12,112,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":64},"nurse-113-3-basic-medicine-006","淋巴液是在何處匯入靜脈？",6,113,3,"2026-09-04",1788510708758]