[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":67},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-073":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":66},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-073","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-073",108,1,73,"關於類鐸受體（Toll-like receptor, TLR）的敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"只有樹突細胞表現 TLR","必須有病原體的刺激下，TLR 才能表現在細胞表面","TLR 主要表現在細胞核","TLR 可表現在細胞膜或是胞內體（endosome）膜上","D",null,[],"本題考點在類鐸受體（TLR）的分布特性。TLR 屬先天免疫的模式辨識受體，會辨識病原相關分子模式；依其定位，辨識細胞外病原（如脂多醣、鞭毛蛋白）的 TLR 位於細胞膜，辨識細胞內病毒核酸的 TLR 位於胞內體（endosome）膜上，故選 D。A 稱只有樹突細胞表現 TLR 有誤，巨噬細胞、上皮細胞等多種細胞皆表現。B 稱必須有病原刺激才表現於表面有誤，TLR 為體質型表現、隨時待命。C 稱主要表現在細胞核有誤，TLR 位於細胞膜或胞內體膜而非細胞核，故不選。","TLR 是先天免疫的『哨兵』，辨識 PAMP 後啟動 NF-κB 等訊號、誘導發炎細胞激素與第一型干擾素。定位對比記憶：細胞膜上的 TLR2\u002F4\u002F5 主偵測細菌外表分子（TLR4→LPS、TLR5→鞭毛蛋白、TLR2→肽聚醣）；胞內體膜上的 TLR3\u002F7\u002F8\u002F9 主偵測病毒與細菌核酸（TLR3→dsRNA、TLR7\u002F8→ssRNA、TLR9→非甲基化 CpG DNA）。此分布設計使核酸類受體只在吞入病原後於胞內體活化，避免誤認自身核酸。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"先天免疫",5,{"term":29,"count":11},"類鐸受體 TLR",{"term":31,"count":11},"模式辨識受體",{"term":33,"count":11},"胞內體膜",{"term":35,"count":11},"PAMP 辨識",[37,41,46,51,56,61],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-074","T 細胞與 B 細胞的交互作用能增強宿主對抗微生物的防禦。下列何者不需要 T 細胞的參與？",74,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-010","下列何者不是上肢的淺層靜脈？",10,109,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":50},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-024","下列何種類型的病人，會有促腎上腺皮質素（ACTH）大量分泌的情況？",24,2,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":50},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-062","有關體重控制藥物 Lorcaserin 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",62,110,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":50},"nurse-112-2-basic-medicine-006","下列器官的血液供應何者不是源自腹腔動脈幹？",6,112,{"webId":62,"stem":63,"number":64,"year":65,"session":50},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-050","下列何者為中華肝吸蟲（Clonorchis sinensis）最常見的感染方式？",50,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708701]