[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-066":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-066","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-066",108,1,66,"下列自體免疫疾病中，何者為自體抗體模擬特定分子結合在受體上導致細胞活化及增生，而非造成該細胞的破壞及死亡？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"全身性紅斑性狼瘡（Systemic lupus erythematosus）","重症肌無力（Myasthenia gravis）","葛瑞夫茲症（Graves’ disease）","風濕性關節炎（Rheumatoid arthritis）","C",null,[],"本題考點在自體免疫的第五型（刺激型）過敏反應，特徵是自體抗體模擬配體結合受體、活化細胞而非破壞細胞。依此選 C 葛瑞夫茲症（Graves' disease），其自體抗體結合甲狀腺 TSH 受體並模擬 TSH 作用，持續刺激甲狀腺細胞增生與分泌，造成甲狀腺機能亢進。A 全身性紅斑性狼瘡屬第三型免疫複合體沉積致組織傷害。B 重症肌無力的抗體阻斷並破壞神經肌肉接合處的乙醯膽鹼受體，屬抑制\u002F破壞型。D 風濕性關節炎為滑膜的慢性發炎與破壞，皆非『刺激受體活化』機轉，故不選。","第二型過敏可再細分：抗體使細胞破壞（如 MG 破壞 ACh 受體、自體免疫溶血）與抗體刺激或阻斷受體（第五型，如 Graves' 刺激 TSH 受體）。Graves' 的 TSI（甲狀腺刺激免疫球蛋白）不受負回饋抑制，故 TSH 反而下降但甲狀腺持續亢進，並可致突眼與脛前黏液水腫。對比記憶：同樣攻擊受體，MG『阻斷+破壞』→機能低下無力；Graves'『模擬+刺激』→機能亢進，方向相反。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"自體免疫",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"刺激型過敏反應",{"term":31,"count":11},"Graves' disease",{"term":33,"count":11},"TSH 受體抗體",{"term":35,"count":11},"重症肌無力對比",[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-067","下列何者為革蘭氏陽性桿菌？",67,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-003","下列何者不是星狀細胞（astrocytes）的功能？",3,109,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":45,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-017","一莫耳葡萄糖（即180克）溶解於1公升水中所產生的滲透壓濃度為多少Osmol\u002FL？",17,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-055","非典型抗憂鬱藥物，下列何者可降低菸癮者對尼古丁的渴求？",55,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-049","下列對於變性普利昂蛋白（prion）之敘述，何者錯誤？",49,112,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-043","下列何種細胞具有抑制 CD4 與 CD8 T 細胞活性的功能？",43,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708658]