[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-057":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-057","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-057",108,1,57,"下列抗精神病藥物中，何者的錐體外症狀（Extrapyramidal symptoms）副作用最強？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Thioridazine","Olanzapine","Clozapine","Haloperidol","D",null,[],"本題考點在抗精神病藥物錐體外症狀（EPS）的強弱比較。EPS 源自紋狀體黑質路徑 D₂ 受體被阻斷，阻斷力愈強、EPS 愈明顯；依此選 D Haloperidol，它是高效價典型抗精神病藥，強力阻斷 D₂，EPS 副作用最強。A Thioridazine 屬低效價典型藥，抗膽鹼作用強反而抵消部分 EPS，EPS 較輕。B Olanzapine 與 C Clozapine 皆為非典型抗精神病藥，對 5-HT₂ 與 D₂ 的阻斷比例使 EPS 明顯較低，Clozapine 幾乎不引起 EPS，故三者 EPS 均不及 Haloperidol。","典型抗精神病藥依效價分兩端：高效價（Haloperidol、Fluphenazine）EPS 強、鎮靜與抗膽鹼弱；低效價（Chlorpromazine、Thioridazine）EPS 弱但鎮靜、姿勢性低血壓、抗膽鹼強。非典型藥靠阻斷 5-HT₂A 使中腦黑質多巴胺相對釋放，EPS 大減，但代價是代謝症候群。EPS 四型記憶：急性肌張力不全、靜坐不能、類巴金森、遲發性運動障礙。Clozapine 特殊風險為顆粒球缺乏，須定期監測血球。",[25,28,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"D2 受體阻斷",2,{"term":18,"count":27},{"term":30,"count":27},"黑質紋狀體路徑",{"term":32,"count":11},"錐體外症狀",{"term":34,"count":11},"典型與非典型抗精神病藥",[36,40,44,49,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-058","下列何種苯二氮平（Benzodiazepine）藥物，最易引起較嚴重之戒斷症狀（如：焦慮）？",58,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-074","補體系統（complement system）是對抗細菌感染的重要機制之一。下列何者是感染時最早活化的補體反應？",74,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":27},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-008","拔牙前，醫生進行局部麻醉以阻斷下列何者之傳導來減少疼痛？",8,109,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-046","關於發生於胃的黏膜相關淋巴組織淋巴瘤（mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, MALToma）之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",46,110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-040","下列何種成癮性物質是透過血清素受體來產生幻覺？",40,112,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":27},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-034","下列何種藥物為前列腺素致效劑（agonist），可降低胃酸釋出，也能促進胃黏液的產生，以緩解胃潰瘍的病症？",34,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708576]