[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-056":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-056","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-056",108,1,56,"下列何者為 pilocarpine 的拮抗劑？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"Atropine","Terazosin","Butoxamine","d-Tubocurarine","A",null,[],"本題考點在自律神經受體的致效劑與拮抗劑配對。Pilocarpine 是毒蕈鹼（muscarinic）受體致效劑，其拮抗劑須為毒蕈鹼受體阻斷劑；依此對應選 A Atropine，它競爭性阻斷 M 受體，可逆轉 pilocarpine 引起的縮瞳、流涎與腺體分泌。B Terazosin 是 α₁ 腎上腺素受體阻斷劑，作用於交感血管，機轉不對。C Butoxamine 為 β₂ 受體拮抗劑，與毒蕈鹼系統無關。D d-Tubocurarine 阻斷神經肌肉接合處的菸鹼型（Nm）受體，屬非去極化型肌肉鬆弛劑，作用受體與 pilocarpine 不同，故不選。","膽鹼系統受體分兩型：毒蕈鹼型（M，副交感節後）與菸鹼型（N，含 Nn 神經節、Nm 肌肉）。Pilocarpine（M 致效）↔ Atropine（M 拮抗）是最典型的致效\u002F拮抗配對，臨床 Pilocarpine 用於青光眼與口乾，Atropine 用於解毒蕈鹼中毒與術前減少分泌。記憶：菸鹼型拮抗看『神經節阻斷』（Hexamethonium，Nn）與『肌肉鬆弛』（Tubocurarine，Nm）；毒蕈鹼型拮抗看 Atropine。",[25,28,31,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"Pilocarpine",3,{"term":29,"count":30},"毒蕈鹼受體",2,{"term":15,"count":11},{"term":33,"count":11},"菸鹼型受體",{"term":35,"count":11},"自律神經藥理",[37,41,45,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-057","下列抗精神病藥物中，何者的錐體外症狀（Extrapyramidal symptoms）副作用最強？",57,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":10,"session":30},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-073","與未成熟的樹突細胞比較，下列何者是活化後的樹突細胞的主要免疫作用？",73,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":30},"nurse-109-2-basic-medicine-007","下列何者的血液供應不源自腹腔動脈幹（celiac trunk）的分枝？",7,109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":30},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-045","顯微鏡下，肺腫瘤細胞的細胞質少且呈圓形或橢圓形，具有神經內分泌的特性，是下列那一種肺腫瘤？",45,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-039","有關泌乳激素 prolactin 的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",39,112,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":30},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-033","下列藥物中，何者無法改善幼兒之注意力缺損過動症（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder）？",33,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708563]