[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-049":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-049","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-049",108,1,49,"組織胺（histamine）會作用於氣管平滑肌 H 1 受體，而引起氣管痙攣；此時，給予腎上腺素（epinephrine）則可活化氣管平滑肌 β 2 受體而使之鬆弛。此例中腎上腺素對抗組織胺的氣管痙攣作用是屬於何種拮抗（antagonism）？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"藥理性","生理性","化學性","物理性","B",null,[],"本題考點為藥理學拮抗作用的分類。依藥理，組織胺作用於 H₁ 受體致氣管收縮，腎上腺素則作用於『不同受體』（β₂）使氣管鬆弛，兩藥透過作用相反的不同受體系統抵消彼此的生理效應，屬生理性（功能性）拮抗，故選 B。藥理性拮抗（A）指拮抗劑競爭『同一受體』（如 atropine 拮抗 ACh）；化學性拮抗（C）指兩藥直接化學結合而失效（如 protamine 中和 heparin）；物理性拮抗（D）指以物理方式（如活性碳吸附）減少吸收，皆與本題機轉不符。","四種拮抗對比記憶：藥理性＝搶『同一受體』；生理性（功能性）＝不同受體、效應相反相抵；化學性＝兩藥直接結合中和；物理性＝物理吸附阻吸收。臨床上腎上腺素能救過敏性休克的支氣管痙攣，正是以 β₂ 興奮功能性對抗組織胺 H₁ 的收縮效應。",[25,27,29,31,33],{"term":26,"count":11},"生理性拮抗",{"term":28,"count":11},"藥理性拮抗",{"term":30,"count":11},"化學性拮抗",{"term":32,"count":11},"H1 與 β2 受體",{"term":34,"count":11},"功能性對抗",[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-050","下列何種抗癲癇藥物，其結構類似 GABA？",50,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-066","有關第一型過敏反應（Type I hypersensitivity），下列敘述何者錯誤？",66,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-080","下列何種細菌因缺乏細胞壁，因此無法使用青黴素來治療？",80,109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":44},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-038","下列何種病灶的顯微變化與微血管性血管瘤相似，有大量的微血管增生？",38,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-032","下列何者不是短效性鎮靜安眠藥？",32,112,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":44},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-026","下列造成血小板減少的原因中，何者最可能發現骨髓的巨核細胞（megakaryocyte）減少？",26,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708522]