[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-048":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-048","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-048",108,1,48,"軟骨發育不全（Achondroplasia）的病人，他們的特徵符合下列那項敘述？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"四肢較短、頭部前額突出、鼻根凹陷，但是智力及生殖力不受影響","四肢正常，但是脊柱發育不全","常合併先天性心臟病","常合併低智商及不孕","A",null,[],"本題考點為軟骨發育不全的臨床特徵。依遺傳病理，軟骨發育不全（achondroplasia）為 FGFR3 基因突變的體染色體顯性遺傳，影響軟骨內骨化使長骨生長受阻，表現為四肢短小、軀幹相對正常、頭大、前額突出與鼻根凹陷，但『智力與生殖力不受影響』，故選 A。B 錯在其為四肢短小而非脊柱發育不全；C 的先天性心臟病與軟骨發育不全並無必然關聯；D 錯在智力與生育力皆正常，並無低智商或不孕，故非答案。","achondroplasia 是最常見的侏儒症，FGFR3 過度活化『抑制』軟骨增生（此基因為生長的負調控者）。特徵：身材矮小但軀幹近乎正常、四肢近端（rhizomelic）短縮、三叉戟手。多數為新突變（與父親高齡有關），同型合子（帶兩個突變基因）則為致死型。智力正常是重要考點。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"體染色體顯性遺傳",4,{"term":29,"count":30},"軟骨發育不全",3,{"term":32,"count":30},"軟骨內骨化",{"term":34,"count":11},"FGFR3 基因突變",{"term":36,"count":11},"智力正常",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-049","組織胺（histamine）會作用於氣管平滑肌 H 1 受體，而引起氣管痙攣；此時，給予腎上腺素（epinephrine）則可活化氣管平滑肌 β 2 受體而使之鬆弛。此例中腎上腺素對抗組織胺的氣管痙攣作用是屬於何種拮抗（antagonism）？",49,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":10,"session":46},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-065","培養無致病性的肺炎雙球菌時，添加已死亡之致病性肺炎雙球菌的何種物質，會使其成為有致病性的細菌？",65,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-079","下列關於肺炎披衣菌（Chlamydophila pneumoniae）的敘述何者錯誤？",79,109,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":46},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-037","有關細菌內毒素之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",37,110,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-031","下列何種神經肌肉阻斷劑是屬於去極化型？",31,112,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":46},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-025","下列何者非屬石棉相關疾病（asbestos-related diseases）？",25,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708506]