[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":68},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":37,"lastmod":67},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-043","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-043",108,1,43,"一個 2 歲的孩童，體重只有正常小孩的 60%，出現全身性水腫、腹水、皮膚顯現不規則的色素沈著區及髮色改變，此孩童最有可能發生下列何種疾病？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"維生素Ｄ缺乏症","紅孩兒病（Kwashiorkor）","消瘦症（Marasmus）","葉酸缺乏症","B",null,[],"本題考點為蛋白質-熱量營養不良的兩型鑑別。依營養病理，紅孩兒病（Kwashiorkor）為熱量尚可但『蛋白質』嚴重不足所致：血漿白蛋白低下使膠體滲透壓下降，出現全身性水腫與腹水，並有皮膚色素脫失斑塊、髮色變淡與脂肪肝，體重下降常被水腫掩蓋，符合題幹描述，故選 B。消瘦症（Marasmus，C）為總熱量與蛋白皆嚴重不足，表現極度消瘦、皮包骨但『無水腫』；維生素 D 缺乏（A）致佝僂病；葉酸缺乏（D）致巨球性貧血，皆不符。","兩型對比記憶：Kwashiorkor『有水腫、有脂肪肝、皮膚脫屑、頭髮變色』——缺蛋白；Marasmus『皮包骨、無水腫、無脂肪肝』——缺總熱量。Kwashiorkor 水腫的關鍵在低白蛋白使血管內膠體滲透壓不足，水分滲入組織間隙。名稱源自迦納語，意指『斷奶後改吃低蛋白澱粉的孩子』。",[25,28,31,33,35],{"term":26,"count":27},"膠體滲透壓",8,{"term":29,"count":30},"低白蛋白血症",5,{"term":32,"count":11},"紅孩兒病 Kwashiorkor",{"term":34,"count":11},"消瘦症 Marasmus",{"term":36,"count":11},"蛋白質營養不良",[38,42,47,52,57,62],{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-044","好發於大腦底部威利氏環（circle of Willis）或分枝處的動脈瘤是那一種形態？",44,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":10,"session":46},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-060","下列何種降血壓藥物，禁止用於孕婦？",60,2,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-074","下列何種細胞激素是活化巨噬細胞使其產生一氧化氮合成酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase）、一氧化氮（NO）以及活性氧化物（ROS）的最佳因子？",74,109,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":46},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-032","下列那個物質不會出現在乳糜微粒（chylomicron）中？",32,110,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-026","下列何種細胞對於輻射損傷較具有抵抗性？",26,112,{"webId":63,"stem":64,"number":65,"year":66,"session":46},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-020","下列那個腦區與吞嚥的訊息傳導最為直接相關？",20,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708465]