[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-036","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-036",108,1,36,"肛門痔瘡（Hemorrhoid）的病理機轉與下列那個情況不同？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"肝硬化（Cirrhosis）病人的食道靜脈曲張（Esophageal varices）","幼兒頸部的囊性水瘤（Cystic hygroma）","懷孕婦女的小腿出現蚯蚓般的藍紫色血管","百貨公司專櫃人員因工作需長期站立，腿部出現明顯青筋","B",null,[],"本題考點為靜脈曲張類病灶的共同機轉辨識。依病理，痔瘡是直腸肛門靜脈叢因壓力升高、血液回流受阻而擴張的靜脈曲張；食道靜脈曲張（A，門脈高壓所致）、懷孕婦女小腿藍紫色血管（C）與久站者腿部青筋（D）同屬靜脈因壓力或回流受阻而擴張的機轉。囊性水瘤（cystic hygroma，B）則是「淋巴管」發育異常形成的先天性淋巴管畸形，屬淋巴系統而非靜脈曲張，機轉不同，故選 B。","靜脈曲張共通點：靜脈壓上升或瓣膜功能不全 → 靜脈迂曲擴張。痔瘡與食道靜脈曲張同受門脈系統影響（肝硬化門脈高壓時兩者常並見）。囊性水瘤好發於胎兒或幼兒頸部，與透納氏症候群相關，超音波下呈多房性囊狀構造，本質是淋巴液鬱積，與靜脈血流無關。",[25,28,30,32,34],{"term":26,"count":27},"食道靜脈曲張",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"靜脈曲張",{"term":31,"count":11},"痔瘡",{"term":33,"count":11},"囊性水瘤",{"term":35,"count":11},"淋巴管畸形",[37,41,45,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-037","長期服用止痛劑如阿斯匹靈（aspirin）或乙醯胺酚（acetaminophen）造成的止痛劑腎病（analgesic nephropathy）常伴隨腎臟那一個部位的壞死？",37,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-053","每天服用一次低劑量（80～120 mg）的阿斯匹林（aspirin），可降低動脈血栓發生的機率，此作用是抑制體內何種物質的生合成？",53,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-067","小鼠如果在出生後，立即切除胸腺（thymectomy），主要會影響那一種免疫反應？",67,109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-025","甲狀腺激素（thyroid hormone）合成的第一個步驟，下列過程何者正確？",25,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-019","下列有關心衰竭病程中的代償調節作用之敘述，何者正確？",19,112,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":27},"nurse-113-2-basic-medicine-013","耳石復位術（epley maneuver）經由改變頭部動作的方向，可以緩解良性陣發性姿勢暈眩（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo），此動作主要是恢復下列何者功能？",13,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708411]