[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-019":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":33,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":11},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-019","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-019",108,1,19,"小動脈的阻力與下列何者之 4 次方呈反比？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"流入和流出的差異","血管半徑","血管長度","血液黏稠度","B",null,[],"本題考點是血流阻力與血管半徑的定量關係。依卜瓦茲定律(Poiseuille's law),血流阻力與血管半徑的4次方成反比(R∝1\u002Fr⁴),故半徑的微小變化即造成阻力的巨大改變,選B血管半徑。A流入流出差異屬流量概念、非阻力決定因子;C血管長度與阻力成正比(1次方)而非4次方反比;D血液黏稠度與阻力成正比亦非4次方關係。此題關鍵在記住阻力公式中唯有半徑以「4次方」出現且為反比,這也是小動脈能透過口徑微調大幅調控周邊阻力與血壓的生理基礎。","卜瓦茲定律:阻力R=8ηL\u002F(πr⁴),其中η為黏稠度、L為長度、r為半徑。因r為4次方,半徑減半阻力增為16倍,故小動脈(阻力血管)藉血管平滑肌收縮微調口徑即能有效調節周邊總阻力與器官血流分配。臨床上血管收縮劑升壓、血管擴張劑降壓皆循此原理;血液黏稠度上升(如多血症)或血管變長亦增阻力但影響遠不及半徑。記憶重點:半徑是「4次方、反比」的關鍵變因。",[25,27,29,31],{"term":26,"count":11},"卜瓦茲定律",{"term":28,"count":11},"血流阻力",{"term":30,"count":11},"血管半徑4次方反比",{"term":32,"count":11},"周邊阻力調節",[34,38,43,48,53,57],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-020","精子產生後在下列何處成熟，而獲得運動能力？",20,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":10,"session":42},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-036","岡氏複合體（Ghon complex）是那一類結核病的病理表現？",36,2,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-050","下列藥物中，何者較適合用於患有糖尿病的高血壓患者？",50,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":42},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-008","腦下垂體細胞 HE 染色的特性與其功能的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",8,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":42,"year":56,"session":11},"nurse-112-1-basic-medicine-002","脊柱側面觀的外形敘述，下列何者正確？",112,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-046","下列何種細菌感染，常與食用受污染的帶殼海鮮所發生的食物中毒相關？",46,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708266]