[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":35,"lastmod":64},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-013","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-013",108,1,13,"肺部的那一種細胞，主要負責分泌表面張力劑(surfactant)，可以降低肺泡內的表面張力，避免肺泡塌陷？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"微血管內皮細胞（endothelial cell）","第一型肺泡細胞（type I alveolar cell）","第二型肺泡細胞（type II alveolar cell）","肺泡內巨噬細胞（alveolar macrophage）","C",null,[],"本題考點是肺泡上皮細胞的種類與表面張力劑(surfactant)的來源。依呼吸組織學,第二型肺泡細胞(type II alveolar cell)呈立方形、含板層小體,負責分泌表面張力劑以降低肺泡表面張力、防止肺泡塌陷,故選C。A微血管內皮細胞構成血氣屏障的血側、不分泌surfactant;B第一型肺泡細胞為極薄的扁平細胞、負責氣體交換而非分泌;D肺泡巨噬細胞負責吞噬清除塵粒與病原,屬防禦功能。此題關鍵在記住第二型肺泡細胞是surfactant的分泌者,並與負責交換的第一型區分。","表面張力劑主成分為磷脂質(以dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine為主),依拉普拉斯定律(P=2T\u002Fr)降低小肺泡的塌陷傾向並使肺泡張力隨半徑變化而穩定、防止小肺泡塌併入大肺泡。胎兒約在懷孕34週後surfactant才充足,故早產兒易因缺乏而發生新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群(RDS),臨床可產前給予類固醇促其成熟。記憶:第一型「薄如紙、管交換」、第二型「胖圓圓、造surfactant」。",[25,28,31,33],{"term":26,"count":27},"第二型肺泡細胞",5,{"term":29,"count":30},"拉普拉斯定律",3,{"term":32,"count":30},"新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群",{"term":34,"count":11},"表面張力劑surfactant",[36,40,45,50,54,59],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-014","位於禽距裂（calcarine fissure）上、下兩側的大腦皮質與下列何種感覺最有關？",14,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":10,"session":44},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-030","下列何者是維持亨利氏環下行支水分再吸收的因素？",30,2,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-044","下列口腔黏膜病灶中，轉變成惡性腫瘤機會最高的是：",44,109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":44,"year":53,"session":44},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-002","小腿脛骨（tibia）的外形，屬於下列何種骨骼？",110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":44},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-046","下列何種細菌不會在吞噬細胞內生存複製，而造成疾病？",46,111,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-040","下列藥物均能治療新生兒感染，但在考量副作用的前提下，何者是最好的選擇？",40,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708216]