[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-012":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":6,"question":7,"related":34,"lastmod":62},"基礎醫學","basic-medicine","基礎醫學(包括解剖學、生理學、病理學、藥理學、微生物學與免疫學)",{"id":8,"webId":9,"year":10,"session":11,"subject":4,"number":12,"stem":13,"options":14,"answer":19,"answerNote":20,"images":21,"explanation":22,"explanationDeep":23,"topics":24,"freq":27},"nurse-108-1-基礎醫學-012","nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-012",108,1,12,"有關食道之敘述何者正確？",{"A":15,"B":16,"C":17,"D":18},"位於氣管之前方","食道上段為平滑肌所構成","以蠕動（peristaltic contraction）之方式將食物向下推送","以分節運動（segmentating contraction）將食物充分混合","C",null,[],"本題考點是食道的解剖位置、肌肉組成與蠕動方式。依消化系統生理,食道以蠕動(peristaltic contraction)—環肌與縱肌協調的推進波—將食團向下推送入胃,故C正確。A錯誤,食道位於氣管的「後方」而非前方;B錯誤,食道上段為骨骼肌(橫紋肌),中段為混合、下段才是平滑肌;D錯誤,分節運動(segmentation)是小腸用來混合食糜的運動,食道不以分節運動處理食物。此題關鍵在辨識蠕動(推進)與分節(混合)的分工,以及食道位居氣管後方、上段為骨骼肌的特徵。","食道肌肉呈上骨骼肌、下平滑肌的漸變,故吞嚥起始受意識控制、後段轉為不隨意的反射蠕動。蠕動由食團上方環肌收縮、下方舒張形成推進波,受迷走神經與腸神經系統協調;分節運動則是小腸多處環肌交替收縮以混合食糜、增加吸收接觸面。位置上氣管在前、食道在後,故甲狀腺腫大或縱膈腫瘤可壓迫食道致吞嚥困難。記憶:蠕動=向前送、分節=原地拌。",[25,28,30,32],{"term":26,"count":27},"蠕動與分節運動",2,{"term":29,"count":11},"食道解剖位置",{"term":31,"count":11},"食道肌肉組成",{"term":33,"count":11},"吞嚥",[35,39,43,48,52,57],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":10,"session":11},"nurse-108-1-basic-medicine-013","肺部的那一種細胞，主要負責分泌表面張力劑(surfactant)，可以降低肺泡內的表面張力，避免肺泡塌陷？",13,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":10,"session":27},"nurse-108-2-basic-medicine-029","下列何者可產生表面活性劑（surfactant）？",29,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":11},"nurse-109-1-basic-medicine-043","有關急性淋巴母細胞性白血病（Acute lymphoblastic leukemia\u002Flymphoma）的病理敘述，下列何者錯誤？",43,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":11,"year":51,"session":27},"nurse-110-2-basic-medicine-001","細胞膜的成分，下列何者錯誤？",110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":27},"nurse-111-2-basic-medicine-045","因為 IgG 和可溶性抗原形成免疫複合物（immune complex）造成的過敏反應，屬於那一型過敏反應？",45,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":11},"nurse-113-1-basic-medicine-039","下列抗結核桿菌的藥物中，何者會降低以protease inhibitors治療愛滋病（AIDS）的效果？",39,113,"2026-09-04",1788510708210]