[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":63},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-043":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":31,"lastmod":62},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-043","nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-043",107,2,43,"應用流行病學方法判定因果關係時，那一項是必要條件，否則無法成立？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"劑量效應（dose-response effect）","相關的一致性（uniformity of association）","符合現存的生物知識（biological plausibility）","正確的時序性（temporality of association）","D",null,[],"本題考點在因果推論準則中，哪一項為判定因果的必要條件。依因果邏輯，「因」必須發生在「果」之前，正確的時序性（temporality）是唯一不可或缺的必要條件；若暴露晚於疾病發生，則因果關係無法成立，故選 D。（A）劑量效應、（B）相關的一致性、（C）符合現存生物知識（生物合理性）都屬於「加強因果說服力」的輔助佐證，缺少任一項仍可能成立因果，並非必要條件。記憶關鍵：時序性是門檻，其餘是加分項。","Hill 九大因果準則（時序性、相關強度、劑量效應、一致性、生物合理性、可逆性、特異性、連貫性、實驗證據）中，唯有時序性是邏輯上的鐵則——沒有它，其餘全部佐證都失去意義。口訣：「先有因、後有果，時序不對全白搭」。這也是為何隨機分派實驗（RCT）因能確保暴露先於結果，被視為因果證據等級最高的設計。",[24,27,29],{"term":25,"count":26},"因果關係判定",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"時序性 temporality",{"term":30,"count":26},"Hill 因果準則",[32,36,41,46,51,56],{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-044","下列何項屬於社區中非正式資源？",44,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":40,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-060","有關社區衛生護理的發展，下列敘述何者錯誤？",60,108,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":26},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-074","為使住院病童於社區獲得持續性的照護，下列何者最適當？",74,109,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":49,"year":50,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-032","有關臺灣老年精神健康問題與疾病，下列敘述何者正確？",32,110,{"webId":52,"stem":53,"number":54,"year":55,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-076","有關長者在家進行肌力和肌耐力訓練，下列敘述何者錯誤？",76,111,{"webId":57,"stem":58,"number":59,"year":60,"session":61},"nurse-112-3-psychiatric-community-030","以糖尿病篩檢工具對 300 人進行篩檢，結果顯示 26 個糖尿病人中有 16 人為陽性反應，274 個沒有糖尿病人中 270 人為陰性反應。此篩檢工具的敏感度為何？",30,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510726895]