[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-033":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":32,"lastmod":63},"精神科與社區衛生護理學","psychiatric-community",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-107-2-精神科與社區衛生護理學-033","nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-033",107,2,33,"治療注意力不足\u002F過動症的藥物 methylphenidate（Ritalin ® ）是屬於那一類藥物？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"中樞神經興奮劑","情緒穩定劑","抗癲癇劑","抗憂鬱劑","A",null,[],"本題考點是注意力不足／過動症（ADHD）用藥 methylphenidate（Ritalin）的藥理分類。methylphenidate 藥理上會增加突觸間隙多巴胺與正腎上腺素，屬中樞神經興奮劑（CNS stimulant），透過提升前額葉的神經傳導改善專注與衝動控制，選 A。B 情緒穩定劑（如鋰鹽、valproate）用於雙相障礙，非其類別。C 抗癲癇劑用於癲癇與部分情緒穩定，作用機轉不同。D 抗憂鬱劑（如 SSRI、atomoxetine 屬非興奮劑類另計）用於憂鬱與焦慮，皆非 methylphenidate 的分類，故不選。","ADHD 藥物分兩大類：興奮劑（stimulants，第一線）——methylphenidate（Ritalin、Concerta）與 amphetamine 類，機轉為抑制多巴胺／正腎上腺素再回收、提升前額葉功能；非興奮劑——atomoxetine（選擇性正腎上腺素回收抑制劑）、α2 促效劑（guanfacine、clonidine）。興奮劑的弔詭在於：對過動兒反而「安定專注」，因強化了原本不足的前額葉抑制控制。常見副作用：食慾下降、失眠、心跳血壓上升，須監測生長與心血管。記憶：Ritalin 是「興奮劑卻讓過動安靜」的經典考點。",[24,26,27,30],{"term":25,"count":10},"methylphenidate",{"term":14,"count":10},{"term":28,"count":29},"多巴胺與正腎上腺素再回收抑制",1,{"term":31,"count":29},"ADHD 藥物分類",[33,37,42,47,52,57],{"webId":34,"stem":35,"number":36,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-psychiatric-community-034","在評估個人危機中對壓力事件的理解與感覺時，下列何者正確？①評估個人在生理、角色及人際的變化，以了解事件對個人的影響 ②了解面對壓力事件的反應行為、因應與防禦機制 ③評估不適應及壓力症狀出現的時間 ④擴展會談議題，不以壓力事件為核心",34,{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":41,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-psychiatric-community-050","有關醫療廢棄物的處理敘述，下列何者正確？",50,108,{"webId":43,"stem":44,"number":45,"year":46,"session":29},"nurse-109-1-psychiatric-community-064","有關化學性水媒疾病，下列敘述何者正確？",64,109,{"webId":48,"stem":49,"number":50,"year":51,"session":10},"nurse-110-2-psychiatric-community-022","劉先生為思覺失調症病人，身體具異味，衣著髒亂，無法自行清潔身體，針對劉先生自我照顧功能退化的護理，下列何者正確？",22,110,{"webId":53,"stem":54,"number":55,"year":56,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-psychiatric-community-066","社區護理師用來改善社區獨居老人支持系統的措施，下列何者最不適當？",66,111,{"webId":58,"stem":59,"number":60,"year":61,"session":62},"nurse-112-3-psychiatric-community-020","出現柯沙寇夫症候群（Korsakoff’s syndrome）的酒精成癮者，其典型症狀為何？",20,112,3,"2026-09-04",1788510726802]