[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-071":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":36,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-071","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-071",107,2,71,"救護車送入一位昏迷病人，心跳 120 次\u002F分，血壓 85\u002F50 mmHg，呼吸速率 35 次\u002F分，呼吸有一股很濃的腐壞水果味，血糖為 600 mg\u002FdL。下列何者為其最可能之診斷？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"乳酸中毒","低血糖昏迷","糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）","高滲透壓高血糖狀態（HHS）","C",null,[],"本題考點在辨識糖尿病急症的鑑別診斷。依臨床特徵,病人昏迷、血糖 600 mg\u002FdL、呼吸速率 35 次\u002F分(Kussmaul 深快呼吸)且呼氣帶爛水果味(丙酮味),合併低血壓與心搏過速,典型指向糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA),故選 C;丙酮味與 Kussmaul 呼吸源自酮體堆積的代謝性酸中毒代償。選項 A 乳酸中毒不會出現爛水果味;選項 B 低血糖昏迷血糖應偏低而非 600 mg\u002FdL;選項 D 高滲透壓高血糖狀態血糖常更高,但以嚴重脫水為主,無明顯酮體、爛水果味及 Kussmaul 呼吸,故不符。","DKA 多見於第一型糖尿病,胰島素絕對缺乏→脂肪分解產生酮體→代謝性酸中毒。三主徵:高血糖、酮血\u002F酮尿、代謝性酸中毒;身體以 Kussmaul 深快呼吸排 CO₂ 代償,呼氣帶丙酮味(爛水果味)。相對地 HHS 見於第二型,酮體極少、血糖與滲透壓極高、脫水嚴重。口訣:爛水果味+深快呼吸+高血糖=DKA。",[24,27,30,33],{"term":25,"count":26},"代謝性酸中毒",22,{"term":28,"count":29},"Kussmaul 呼吸",4,{"term":31,"count":32},"糖尿病酮酸中毒 DKA",3,{"term":34,"count":35},"酮體丙酮味",1,[37,41,46,50,55,60],{"webId":38,"stem":39,"number":40,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-072","有關糖尿病人足部照護之敘述，下列何者正確？",72,{"webId":42,"stem":43,"number":44,"year":45,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-008","有關青光眼藥物治療作用之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",8,108,{"webId":47,"stem":48,"number":26,"year":49,"session":35},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-022","有關鼻咽癌病理學的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":35},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-060","當慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）病人出現下列何種評估結果時，護理師須優先採取因應措施？",60,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-024","有關鼻咽癌病人接受放射線治療的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",24,111,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-058","下列何者最不可能出現在肺氣腫病人的肺功能檢查結果？",58,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725517]