[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":65},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-067":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":34,"lastmod":64},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-067","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-067",107,2,67,"有關血液透析不平衡症候群之敘述，下列何者正確？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"最常發生於多次透析療程之後","可能因血液中尿素氮減少的速度比腦部慢所致","會產生滲透壓不平衡，導致腦脫水、缺氧","會出現神經症狀，如不安、意識程度降低、抽搐","D",null,[],"本題考點在血液透析不平衡症候群的成因與表現。依滲透壓機轉,透析快速清除血中尿素氮,使血中溶質下降速度快於腦部(血腦障壁使腦內尿素移除較慢),形成血液與腦組織間的滲透壓差,水分由血液移入腦細胞造成腦水腫,進而出現神經症狀,故正確者選 D(不安、意識程度降低、抽搐)。選項 A 錯,此症候群最常見於初次或早期幾次透析、而非多次療程之後;選項 B 錯,是血中尿素氮下降速度比腦部『快』而非慢;選項 C 錯,結果是腦『水腫』而非腦脫水缺氧。","不平衡症候群多見於首次透析或尿毒過高、快速清除者。機轉是逆向尿素效應:血中 BUN 驟降,腦內尿素因血腦障壁移除較慢而相對偏高,水分順滲透壓移入腦組織致腦水腫,表現頭痛、噁心、躁動、意識改變甚至抽搐。預防策略是首次透析採較短時間、較低血流與清除率,循序漸進。口訣:洗太快→血中尿素驟降→水往腦跑→腦水腫。",[24,27,29,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"透析不平衡症候群",3,{"term":28,"count":26},"腦水腫",{"term":30,"count":31},"尿素滲透壓差",1,{"term":33,"count":31},"初次透析",[35,39,44,49,54,59],{"webId":36,"stem":37,"number":38,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-068","有關慢性腎衰竭典型之合併症，不包括下列何項？",68,{"webId":40,"stem":41,"number":42,"year":43,"session":10},"nurse-108-2-medical-surgical-004","顱內壓升高（IICP）的臨床表徵，下列何者正確？",4,108,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":48,"session":31},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-018","有關脂肪栓塞症之症狀和徵象，下列何者正確？①呼吸急促 ②意識混亂 ③排尿增加 ④體溫上升",18,109,{"webId":50,"stem":51,"number":52,"year":53,"session":31},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-056","有關抗凝劑 Warfarin 使用的注意事項，下列何者錯誤？",56,110,{"webId":55,"stem":56,"number":57,"year":58,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-020","有關上石膏病人的護理指導，下列何者錯誤？",20,111,{"webId":60,"stem":61,"number":62,"year":63,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-054","葉先生為 COPD 病人，醫囑為：fenoterol（Berotec）2 puffs INHA BID，下列何者表示其使用正確？",54,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725486]