[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-061":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-061","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-061",107,2,61,"有關鹿角結石之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"結石的部位是位於輸尿管至膀胱結合處","結石之形成與尿路感染有關","結石的成分多為磷酸銨鎂結晶","疼痛為常見的症狀","A",null,[],"本題考點在鹿角結石(staghorn calculus)的部位與成因。依解剖與病理,鹿角結石因體積龐大而填滿腎盂與腎盞,形如鹿角分枝,其部位在腎盂腎盞集尿系統,而非輸尿管與膀胱交接處,故敘述錯誤者選 A。選項 B 正確,鹿角結石與反覆尿路感染密切相關;選項 C 正確,其成分多為磷酸銨鎂(struvite),由產生尿素酶的細菌(如變形桿菌)分解尿素、鹼化尿液而沉澱;選項 D 正確,病人可出現腰腹疼痛等症狀。故關鍵錯誤在把腎盂內的大型結石誤置於輸尿管膀胱交接處。","磷酸銨鎂結石(感染性結石)成因:產尿素酶細菌分解尿素→氨→尿液鹼化→鎂銨磷酸鹽沉澱,在鹼性尿中快速增大填滿腎盂腎盞形成鹿角狀。治療需清除結石並根除感染,否則易復發。對比:草酸鈣結石與代謝有關、酸性尿;尿酸結石見於高普林與酸性尿。口訣:鹿角=感染+磷酸銨鎂+腎盂腎盞。",[24,26,29,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"鹿角結石",{"term":27,"count":28},"磷酸銨鎂結晶",1,{"term":30,"count":28},"尿路感染",{"term":32,"count":28},"腎盂腎盞",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-062","有關急性腎絲球腎炎病人之護理指導，下列何者正確？",62,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":28},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-078","有關一氧化碳中毒病人之護理措施，下列何者正確？",78,108,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":28},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-012","有關黃疸之敘述，下列何者正確？",12,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":28},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-050","有關類風濕性關節炎的醫療處置，下列敘述何者正確？",50,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-014","有關消化性潰瘍的敘述，下列何者正確？",14,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-048","有關類風濕性關節炎藥物治療之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",48,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725437]