[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-060":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":10},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-060","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-060",107,2,60,"有關腎移植後產生的排斥現象，下列何者預後最佳？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"慢性","急性","超急性","加速型","B",null,[],"本題考點在腎移植後各型排斥反應的時序與預後。依免疫機轉,急性排斥多發生於移植後數天至數月,由 T 細胞介導的細胞性免疫反應,對加強免疫抑制治療反應良好、常可逆轉,故預後最佳,選 B。選項 C 超急性排斥於術中至術後數分鐘至數小時發生,因受贈者體內原已存在的抗體立即攻擊移植腎,幾乎必然失去移植腎、預後最差;選項 D 加速型排斥於數天內發生,也屬迅速而嚴重;選項 A 慢性排斥為長期漸進性纖維化與血管病變,不可逆、最終導致移植腎功能喪失。故四型中僅急性排斥可治療逆轉、預後最好。","排斥依時間軸與機轉區分:超急性(既存抗體,分秒至數小時,體液性,不可逆)、加速型(記憶性反應,數天)、急性(T 細胞為主,數天至數月,可用類固醇或抗淋巴球製劑逆轉)、慢性(數月至數年,血管內膜增厚與間質纖維化,不可逆)。記憶:越早發生越像抗體、越猛烈;急性居中且可治,故預後最佳。",[24,26,28,31],{"term":25,"count":10},"腎臟移植排斥",{"term":27,"count":10},"急性排斥反應",{"term":29,"count":30},"細胞介導免疫",1,{"term":32,"count":30},"移植預後",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-061","有關鹿角結石之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",61,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":30},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-077","依據吳先生的症狀與徵象，所執行之立即處置，下列何者不適宜？",77,108,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":30},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-011","腸道檢查前一日，可以攝取之飲食，下列何者較適當？",11,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":30},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-049","有關心臟衰竭合併肺水腫病人之護理措施及其原理的敘述，下列何者正確？",49,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-013","有關胃食道逆流的敘述，下列何者正確？",13,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-047","下列何者屬於主動性後天免疫？",47,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725433]