[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":66},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-053":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":35,"lastmod":65},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-053","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-053",107,2,53,"一位肺氣腫病人突然覺得呼吸短促，醫生診斷為自發性氣胸，下列何者是造成此情形最可能的原因？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"氣管與食道間的瘻管","肋膜磨擦間的瘻管","胸壁穿刺性的傷口","肺臟頂端的氣泡破裂","D",null,[],"本題考點在肺氣腫併發自發性氣胸的機轉。依病理生理,肺氣腫因肺泡壁破壞、彈性回縮力喪失,常在肺臟頂端形成氣泡(bleb\u002Fbulla),此薄壁氣泡自行破裂使空氣漏入肋膜腔,即造成自發性氣胸,故選 D。選項 A 氣管食道瘻管會導致吸入與感染,與氣胸無關;選項 B 肋膜摩擦屬肋膜炎表現,不會形成瘻管造成漏氣;選項 C 胸壁穿刺性傷口造成的是外傷性或開放性氣胸,而非『自發性』。題幹強調自發性且有肺氣腫病史,對應的正是肺尖氣泡破裂此一內源性成因。","自發性氣胸分原發(瘦高年輕男性肺尖 bleb 破裂)與續發(COPD、肺氣腫、氣喘等既有肺病)。肺氣腫破壞肺泡間隔、氣體滯積形成大氣泡,壓力升高或用力時破裂即漏氣。相對地,外傷性氣胸源於外力(肋骨骨折、穿刺傷);張力性氣胸則因單向活瓣使肋膜腔壓力持續升高,壓迫縱膈與大靜脈,屬急症。",[24,27,30,32],{"term":25,"count":26},"肺氣腫",5,{"term":28,"count":29},"肋膜腔",3,{"term":31,"count":10},"自發性氣胸",{"term":33,"count":34},"肺尖氣泡 bleb",1,[36,40,45,50,55,60],{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-054","急性呼吸窘迫症候群病人使用呼氣末正壓（PEEP）的目的，下列何者正確？",54,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":44,"session":34},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-070","下列何者最可能造成病人出現昏迷、呼吸快而深、血清有效滲透壓 300 mOsm\u002Fkg、血糖值 400 mg\u002FdL 的臨床表徵？",70,108,{"webId":46,"stem":47,"number":48,"year":49,"session":34},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-004","關於多發性硬化症的敘述，下列何者正確？①為中樞神經系統髓鞘脫失而影響神經傳導 ②吞嚥困難為早期出現臨床表徵 ③腦脊髓液檢查發現 IgG 抗體增加 ④感染會引發疾病惡化",4,109,{"webId":51,"stem":52,"number":53,"year":54,"session":34},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-042","下列何者不是嚴重缺鐵性貧血病人常見的症狀？",42,110,{"webId":56,"stem":57,"number":58,"year":59,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-006","有關巴金森氏症病人的臨床表徵，下列何者錯誤？",6,111,{"webId":61,"stem":62,"number":63,"year":64,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-040","王先生因疲倦、蒼白、呼吸困難至醫院求治，檢查發現白血球數值為 30 萬／μL，骨髓檢查發現費城染色體，最有可能罹患下列何種疾病？",40,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725371]