[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":64},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-052":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectFullName":4,"question":6,"related":33,"lastmod":63},"內外科護理學","medical-surgical",{"id":7,"webId":8,"year":9,"session":10,"subject":4,"number":11,"stem":12,"options":13,"answer":18,"answerNote":19,"images":20,"explanation":21,"explanationDeep":22,"topics":23,"freq":26},"nurse-107-2-內外科護理學-052","nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-052",107,2,52,"有關免疫反應之身體屏障的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":14,"B":15,"C":16,"D":17},"陰道有乳酸桿菌，可防止一般致病菌感染","皮膚和黏膜是身體防禦致病微生物的第一道防線","胃酸及消化酶是屬於特異性免疫反應","由口攝入的生物體，會被胃酸、消化酶分解及破壞","C",null,[],"本題考點在區分非特異性(先天)與特異性(後天)免疫。依免疫學分類,胃酸與消化酶屬於化學性屏障,對任何入侵微生物一律作用、無記憶性,是非特異性(先天)免疫的一環,而非需辨識抗原、具記憶的特異性免疫,故敘述錯誤者選 C。選項 A 陰道乳酸桿菌製造酸性環境抑制致病菌,屬正常菌叢屏障,敘述正確;選項 B 皮膚與黏膜是阻擋微生物的第一道物理防線,正確;選項 D 由口攝入的病原被胃酸與消化酶分解破壞,正是化學屏障的作用,正確。三個正確項皆屬非特異性防禦,唯 C 錯將胃酸歸類為特異性免疫。","免疫防線分三層:第一道物理化學屏障(皮膚黏膜、胃酸、溶菌酶、正常菌叢)、第二道非特異性細胞與發炎反應(吞噬細胞、補體、發炎)、第三道特異性免疫(T、B 淋巴球,具抗原專一性與記憶)。判別關鍵:是否需辨識特定抗原並產生記憶。胃酸、酵素、汗液對所有病原一視同仁,故必屬先天非特異性。",[24,27,29,31],{"term":25,"count":26},"非特異性免疫",1,{"term":28,"count":26},"特異性免疫",{"term":30,"count":26},"身體屏障",{"term":32,"count":26},"胃酸化學屏障",[34,38,43,48,53,58],{"webId":35,"stem":36,"number":37,"year":9,"session":10},"nurse-107-2-medical-surgical-053","一位肺氣腫病人突然覺得呼吸短促，醫生診斷為自發性氣胸，下列何者是造成此情形最可能的原因？",53,{"webId":39,"stem":40,"number":41,"year":42,"session":26},"nurse-108-1-medical-surgical-069","下列何者可評估糖尿病病人過去 3 個月的血糖控制情形？",69,108,{"webId":44,"stem":45,"number":46,"year":47,"session":26},"nurse-109-1-medical-surgical-003","有關暫時性缺血發作（transient ischemic attack; TIA）使用藥物治療，下列何者正確？",3,109,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":52,"session":26},"nurse-110-1-medical-surgical-041","有關骨髓移植後病人產生移植物抗宿主疾病（Graft-versus-host Disease; GVHD）症狀，下列何者錯誤？",41,110,{"webId":54,"stem":55,"number":56,"year":57,"session":10},"nurse-111-2-medical-surgical-005","有關身體單側忽略病人的護理措施，下列何者正確？①經常變動房間物品擺設，以增加對周圍環境關注 ②教導病人用轉頭方式，來代償視野缺損 ③鼓勵病人注意及照顧自己患側 ④叫人鈴及電話放在患側，以增加對患側環境關注",5,111,{"webId":59,"stem":60,"number":61,"year":62,"session":10},"nurse-112-2-medical-surgical-039","有關化學藥物 cyclophosphamide（Cytoxan）的副作用或毒性，不包括下列何者？",39,112,"2026-09-04",1788510725362]